気候の温暖化が北極樹種の光合成に及ぼす影響は,土壌の水分に依存する

Peter B Reich^1,2, Kerrie M Sendall^3,4, Artur Stefanski³

¹Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. preich@umn.edu.

Nature

|October 5, 2018

まとめ

気候の温暖化により湿った環境では光合成が促進され,北極の森林では乾燥期では光合成が損なわれます. これは温度だけでなく土壌の湿度が森林の炭素増量に影響を及ぼすことを示しています

科学分野:

森林の生態学
植物生理学
気候変動科学

背景:

気候の温暖化は,気温と土壌の水分を通して森林の光合成に影響します.
ボレアル森林は気温や土壌の湿度によって炭素の蓄積を制限する変動する条件を経験します

研究の目的:

異なる土壌の湿度条件下での北極森林の光合成に気候の温暖化がどのように影響するかを調査する.
土壌の水分が減少するにつれて光合成に対する温暖化の影響がポジティブからネガティブに変化するかどうかを判断する

主な方法:

温帯と北極の11種の木を対象に 3年間の露天温暖化実験が行われました
温度が3. 4°C上昇し,光合成と葉の伝導性への影響は湿った土壌と乾燥した土壌で測定された.

主要な成果:

温暖化により,湿った日に光飽和の純光合成と葉の拡散伝導性が増加した.
乾燥した日には,加熱により葉の拡散伝導性と純光合成が低下し,加熱した植物ではより顕著な効果が示された.
温暖化により乾燥した土壌のほとんどの日に純光合成が減少しました

結論:

温暖化が光合成に与える影響は土壌の水分量に依存しています
季節的に寒い環境では,土壌の水分が減少すると,光合成への温暖化の効果は否定されるか,逆転する可能性があります.
森林管理と気候モデルでは温度と土壌の湿度の相互作用を考慮して炭素の増加を正確に予測する必要があります

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