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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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モリブデン - 硫黄クラスタを結合して,電気触媒による水素の進化

Zhe Ji1, Christopher Trickett1, Xiaokun Pei1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of California-Berkeley , Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 10, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

研究者はモリブデン硫黄 (Mo-S) 分子群を配置する新しい方法を開発しました. この組織化された構造は,クリーンな燃料生産のための水素進化反応を大幅に強化します.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 電気化学
  • カタリシス

背景:

  • 電極の分子触媒の配置を制御することは,最適な電触媒性能の鍵です.
  • モリブデン-硫黄 (Mo-S) クラスタは,炭素のない燃料を生成する際に水素進化反応 (HER) の可能性を示している.

研究 の 目的:

  • オーガニックリンカーを用いてMo-S分子クラスタの秩序ある配置を合成し,特徴づけること.
  • 組織されたMo-Sクラスターが水素進化の触媒に与える影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • オーダーされたダイマー,ケージ,Mo-Sクラスタのチェーンを作成するために有機リンクを使用しました.
  • 単結晶X線微分法を用いて構造を決定した.
  • 水素の進化に対する触媒性能の評価

主要な成果:

  • 相互に繋がっていないクラスターと比較して 40倍の売上高を上げました
  • 電子のクラスターの制御された周期的配置 (距離,方向,密度) を実証した.
  • 10 mA cm−2 の電流密度に対して89 mV の過剰電位を必要とする Mo-S 触媒を開発した.

結論:

  • チオラート-Mo3S7協調結合による結合により,HERの性能が向上する.
  • オーダーされたMo-Sクラスターは,高い触媒負荷で効率的な水素進化を促進します.
  • このアプローチは,電気触媒の適用のための既存のMo-S触媒の優れた代替手段を提供します.