年齢による黄斑変性
Paul Mitchell1, Gerald Liew1, Bamini Gopinath1
1Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 11, 2018
まとめ
年齢による黄斑変性 (AMD) は視力喪失の主な原因です. 治療は新血管性AMDを効果的に管理していますが 縮性AMDには治療法がなく 予防と再生医療の必要性を強調しています
科学分野:
- 眼科について
- 遺伝学
- 年齢に起因する斑点変性病原性
背景:
- 年齢関連の黄斑変性 (AMD) は,不可逆的な視力障害と失明の主な原因です.
- AMDは早期 (ドルーゼン,色素変化) と遅い (新血管,縮) 段階に分類されます.
- 遺伝 (CFH,ARMS2) とライフスタイル (喫煙,食事) によって影響される補充,脂質,血管新生および炎症プロセスを含む多因子経路が病原化に関与します.
研究 の 目的:
- 老化性黄斑変性 (AMD) の病原性と治療に関する現在の理解をレビューする.
- 新血管性AMDの管理における進歩と,アトロフィ性AMDの治療における課題を強調する.
- 予防,パーソナライズド医療,再生療法など,AMD研究における将来の方向性について議論する.
主な方法:
- AMDの病原性,危険因子,治療介入に関する現在の文献のレビュー.
- AMDの発生と進行に寄与する遺伝的および非遺伝的要因の分析
- 血管内皮成長因子 (抗VEGF) 療法などの既存の治療法の有効性の評価と進行中の臨床試験.
主要な成果:
- 遺伝的要因 (CFH,ARMS2) と環境的要因 (喫煙,低抗酸化物質摂取量) は,AMDリスクに大きく寄与する.
- 栄養補助食品 (亜鉛,抗酸化物質) は,AMDの進行を遅らせる可能性があります.
- 血管新生性AMDによる視力低下を大幅に減少させた.
結論:
- 新血管性AMDは抗VEGF剤で効果的に治療され,視覚障害を大幅に軽減します.
- 現在,アトロフィックAMDには実証された治療法がありません.
- 将来 AMDの治療には 予防の強化,個別化医療,新しい治療法, 再生的なアプローチが 必要となるでしょう
さらに関連する動画
08:54Author Spotlight: Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology with QAF Workflow
Published on: May 26, 2023
2.1K
05:14Author Spotlight: Overcoming Anti-VEGF Resistance Through Advanced Vascular Morphology Assessment in Choroidal Neovascularization
Published on: August 11, 2023
1.6K
関連する概念動画
01:26Aging
703
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
703
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
3.5K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.5K
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
3.5K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.5K
01:27Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
237
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
237
01:22Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption
701
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
701
01:00Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
261
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
261