実施研究:世界保健における新たな課題と機会
Sally Theobald1, Neal Brandes2, Margaret Gyapong3
1Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 14, 2018
まとめ
実施の研究は,世界の健康に関する知識と実践のギャップを埋めます. この研究では,低所得国や中所得国の保健政策,サービス,成果を改善するためのケーススタディをレビューしています.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 健康政策
- 実施科学
背景:
- 実施の研究は,研究と実践を結びつけることで,世界的な健康における重要な知識のギャップを解決します.
- 知識の創出と応用によって公衆衛生アプローチの開発と提供を加速します.
- 様々なグローバル環境における実施研究に関する体系的なレビューは限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- ケーススタディを用いて実施研究の特徴と応用を図解する.
- 低所得国や中所得国における実施研究の活用を検討する.
- グローバル・ヘルスにおける実施研究の利用を拡大するための呼びかけを支援する.
主な方法:
- 専門家の審査に基づくケーススタディの有意義な選択
- 目的によるケーススタディの分類:健康の改善,政策の情報提供,サービス提供の強化,コミュニティのエンパワーメント
- 共同要素に関するケーススタディの分析: 実施上の問題に対処し,パートナーシップを通じて共同で解決策を作成し,暗黙の知識と研究を利用する.
主要な成果:
- ケーススタディは,人々の健康を改善し,政策を啓発し,保健サービスを強化し,コミュニティを力づけるための実施研究の役割を示しています.
- 効果的な実施研究には,パートナーシップ,解決策の共同創造,公式研究と黙示的な知識の統合が含まれます.
- 医療システムは複雑で適応力があり 状況が重要で 介入の効果には 多学科的で厳格で 適応力のあるプロセスが必要です
結論:
- 研究,政策,実践のギャップを埋めるために実施研究が不可欠です.
- この分野では,包摂性を高め,研究活用を強調し,様々な関係者の間での協力を促進する必要があります.
- 実施研究の応用が拡大されることは,国家および世界的な保健目標を達成し,保健の公平性と持続性を高めるために不可欠です.
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