帝王切開の使用と格差の世界的疫学
Ties Boerma1, Carine Ronsmans2, Dessalegn Y Melesse1
1Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 17, 2018
まとめ
帝王切開による出産は2000年から2015年の間に ほぼ2倍に増えましたが 地域や国によって大きな違いがあります 医療施設や施設内での使用の増加と 医療へのアクセスと適用の格差が原因です
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 産婦人科
- 医療サービス研究
背景:
- 帝王切開 (CS) の割合は,世界的に顕著に増加しています.
- CSの使用の傾向,決定因子,格差を理解することは 母親と子供の健康にとって極めて重要です.
- 過去の研究では地域差が指摘されていますが,包括的なグローバルデータが必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 帝王切開の使用における世界的な,地域的,国家的な頻度,傾向,決定因子,不平等を記述する.
- 世界中で発症率の上昇に寄与する要因を分析する.
- 異なる社会経済的グループや地理的な場所におけるCS利用の格差を特定する.
主な方法:
- 世界人口の98.4%を占める169カ国のデータを分析したものです
- 2000年と2015年のCS使用の見積もり,不確実性の間隔の計算
- 施設の出生率や施設内のCS率などの要因の検討
- 社会経済的な地位や施設の種類によるCS利用の国内および国内変動の評価
主要な成果:
- 2000年の1600万人 (12.1%) から2015年の2970万人 (21.1%) に増加した.
- 西アフリカと中央アフリカでは4.1%から,ラテンアメリカとカリブ海では44.3%まで.
- 保健施設での出産の増加 (66.5%) と保健施設内での出産の増加 (33.5%) が原因となった.
- 南スーダンでは0.6%からドミニカ共和国で58.1%まで,国内では大きな差異があった.
- 国の内での格差は大きく,富裕層の5分の1と低リスクの出産 (特に教育を受けた女性) と民間施設での出産率が高かった.
結論:
- 帝王切開の使用は 病院での出産の増加と 施設内での出産率の上昇によって ほぼ2倍になりました
- CSへのアクセスと利用における地域的,国家的,国内的な格差は依然として大きい.
- 格差をなくし,環境特有のCS使用の要因を理解することは,公平な母体保健に不可欠です.
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