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What is Biodiversity?01:19

What is Biodiversity?

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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
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Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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生物多様性 は 生態系 の 安定 を 増やし,減少 さ せる

Frank Pennekamp1, Mikael Pontarp2,3, Andrea Tabi2

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. frank.pennekamp@ieu.uzh.ch.

Nature
|October 19, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

種の豊かさは 時間の安定性を高めましたが 水生生態系では 温暖化への耐性を低下させました 安定性の要素の間のこの負の関係は,生態系機能に対する複雑な生物多様性の影響を強調しています.

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科学分野:

  • エコロジー
  • 環境科学

背景:

  • 種の多様性は生態系の安定性や機能に影響します
  • 以前の研究では 耐性や回復力といった 安定性の要素に 多様な影響があることが示されています
  • 安定性要素の共変と,生態系全体の安定性に対する多様性の影響は,十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 種の豊かさが時間的な変動性,耐性,全体的な生態系の安定性にどのように影響するか調査する.
  • 多様性グラデントに沿って生態学的安定性の異なる構成要素間の共変性を探求する.
  • 生態系の多機能性と安定性を結びつけ,生物多様性の純効果を理解する.

主な方法:

  • 大規模な実験を水生シリアット群で行いました
  • 690のマイクロエコシステムで 操作された種の豊かさ
  • 安定性成分を測定するために 40日間で 12,939個のサンプルを採取しました

主要な成果:

  • 種が豊富になったことで 時間の安定が向上しました
  • 温暖化に対する耐性が低下した.
  • 時間の安定と抵抗の間の負の共変数が観察されました.
  • 生態系全体の安定性に対する 多様性のハンプ形とU形の影響を発見しました

結論:

  • 生態学的安定性に対する生物多様性の影響は複雑で,安定性の要素の間のトレードオフがある.
  • 種の多様性と生態系の安定性との関係は非線形 (形またはU形) かもしれない.
  • 生態系の多機能性と安定性の概念を統合することで,生物多様性の役割の微妙な見方を提供し,政策の翻訳を助けます.