ゲノム組織とDNAアクセシビリティコントロール トリパノソームの抗原変異
Laura S M Müller1,2,3, Raúl O Cosentino1,2,3, Konrad U Förstner4,5,6
1Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Nature
|October 19, 2018
まとめ
病原体は宿主の免疫を回避するために 抗原的変異を利用します この研究はヒストンの変異をゲノム構造に結びつけ,抗原遺伝子発現とトリパノソマ・ブルセイの免疫回避に影響を与える.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 分子生物学
- 寄生虫学
背景:
- 病原生物は宿主の免疫反応を回避するために 抗原的変異を利用する.
- 抗原の変異は大きく多様な抗原遺伝子貯蔵庫と 調節された発現に依存している.
- 三次元ゲノム構造とDNAアクセシビリティは,同類の再結合と遺伝子発現に影響を与えます.
研究 の 目的:
- 三次元ゲノム構造,染色体構成,抗原変異を結びつける要因を特定する.
- トライパノソーマ・ブルセイのような病原体で反復性抗原遺伝子配列を組み立てるという課題を克服するためです
主な方法:
- ロングリード配列を用いた抗原-遺伝子配列のデノボハプロタイプ特異的組み立て.
- ゲノム分割を分析するための全ゲノム染色体構成捕捉 (Hi-C)
- 染色体と遺伝子発現を評価するためのインサイトハイブリデーション,ATAC-seq,および単細胞RNAシーケンシング.
- ヒストン変種H3.VとH4.Vの役割を調査する.
主要な成果:
- トリパノソーマ・ブルセイの抗原をコードするサブテロメア領域は,明確な,コンパクトな区画に編成されています.
- ヒストン変種H3.VとH4.Vの削除は,抗原-遺伝子クラスタリングを促進し,DNAのアクセシビリティを高めます.
- ヒストン変異の消去は,同種の再結合によって抗原発現の切り替えを強化する.
結論:
- ヒストン変種H3.VとH4.Vは,ゲノム構造,クロマチン構成,抗原変異の間の分子リンクとして作用する.
- この発見は,病原体における免疫回避戦略の調節に関する新しい洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
48.6K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
48.6K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
53.0K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
53.0K
Genomics
40.7K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.7K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.8K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.8K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.1K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.1K
What is Variation?
18.5K
Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
18.5K


