経済的発展とジェンダーの平等との性別差の関係

Armin Falk¹, Johannes Hermle²

¹Department of Economics, University of Bonn, and Behavior and Inequality Research Institute (briq), 53113 Bonn, Germany. armin.falk@briq-institute.org j.hermle@berkeley.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 20, 2018

まとめ

リスクと信頼といった根本的な好みにおいて性別の違いが明らかになっていますこれらの違いは経済発展とジェンダーの平等と相関しており,社会的資源がそれらの表現に影響することを示唆しています.

科学分野:

行動経済学
社会心理学
社会学

背景:

時間,リスク,社会的交流に関する個人の好みは,人間の行動に大きな影響を与えます.
これらの好みは,男女間の経済的,社会的格差に寄与しています.
性別の不平等に対処するにはこれらの違いを理解することが不可欠です

研究の目的:

根本的な人間の好みにおけるジェンダーの違いを総合的に分析する.
これらのジェンダーの違いと経済発展のレベルと各国間のジェンダーの平等の関係を調査する.

主な方法:

76カ国の代表的なサンプルから 8万人のデータを利用しました
リスクを冒す意欲忍耐力利他性ポジティブな互換性否定的な互換性信頼性
大規模で異文化的な調査方法が採用された.

主要な成果:

研究された6つの基本的好みにおいて重要な世界的なジェンダー差異を特定した.
性別差の大きさと国の経済発展の正の相関が認められた.
男女間の好み差と国内における男女平等の指標との間にも同様の正の関係が見られた.

結論:

経済的発展やジェンダーの平等を含む社会的な要因は,ジェンダー差別の好みを形成する役割を果たします.
より大きな利用可能性と資源への公平なアクセスは,明確なジェンダーの好みの表現を可能にします.
これらの発見は,ジェンダーに基づく経済的,社会的結果を理解し,緩和する可能性を秘めています.

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