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基礎 側 の 杏仁 核 は 迅速 な 脱出 の ため に 必要 です.人間 と ねずみ の 研究
David Terburg1, Diego Scheggia2, Rodrigo Triana Del Rio2
1Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Cell
|October 20, 2018
まとめ
基礎側桃体 (BLA) は 緊急の危険に直面したときに 凍結よりも 活発な脱出を選択する上で 極めて重要です この脳の領域は
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 比較心理学
- 行動生物学
背景:
- ネズミの研究では,基礎側桃体 (BLA) と中枢桃体 (CeA) の防御行動における役割が特定されています.
- これらの発見を 人間の脅威に対する反応に変換することは 不安や恐怖を理解するために不可欠です
- アクティブ・エスケープとパッシブ・フリージングの選択におけるBLAの特定の機能については,さらなる解明が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間とネズミのアクティブ・エスケープとパッシブ・フリージングを調節する基礎側桃体 (BLA) の保存された役割を調査する.
- 化学的に沈黙させられた BLA を持つラットと BLA 病変を有するヒトの防御的行動を比較する.
- BLAが脅威応答を調節する神経経路,特にCeAを明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 自然な双方のBLA病変と化学的誘導によるBLA静止を患ったラットの比較研究.
- 脅迫,脱出可能な脅威 (Timm) に曝露する際の衝撃の増強,凍結,脱出を測定する行動分析.
- 人間の神経イメージング (fMRI) とネズミの神経回路分析 (化学遺伝学,光遺伝学) で,BLA-CeA経路をマッピングする.
主要な成果:
- 種別では,BLA損傷/静止は,アクティブエスケープの選択を阻害し,Timmへの反応として凍結と衝撃の強化につながった.
- 人間の神経イメージングは,BLAがCeA経由で脳幹経路を阻害し,受動的防御反応を減少させることを示しました.
- Timmコンディショニングは,抑制的なCeA経路へのBLA投影を強化し,この経路を活性化することで,BLAを静止したラットにおける行動的欠陥を救済しました.
結論:
- BLAは,CEAを介して動作し,差し迫った脅威からの逃亡行動を適応的に制御する役割を果たします.
- このメカニズムは,脳幹経路のBLA- CeA阻害を含み,進化的に歯類とヒトに保存されています.
- この経路を理解することで 恐怖や不安障害の 神経的基盤を 洞察できます
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