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早期発症型糖尿病におけるヒトの腸内微生物群 TEDDY研究
Tommi Vatanen1, Eric A Franzosa2,3, Randall Schwager3
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. vatanen@broadinstitute.org.
Nature
|October 26, 2018
まとめ
研究者は1型糖尿病 (T1D) の発症を理解するために,小児の腸内微生物を分析した. 腸内微生物群は
科学分野:
- 微生物群の研究
- 免疫学
- 小児の健康
背景:
- 1型糖尿病 (T1D) は,遺伝と環境の影響を受ける自己免疫疾患です.
- T1Dの病原性における腸内微生物の役割は疑われるが,完全に理解されていない.
- T1Dを誘発する微生物を特定することは依然として課題です.
研究 の 目的:
- 乳幼児の腸内微生物の 縦断的な発達を特徴づけるため
- 初期腸内微生物群と小島自身免疫 (T1D) の関係を調査する.
- 抗生物質やプロバイオティクスのような 生命の初期に起きた出来事が 微生物群に与える影響を 研究するためです
主な方法:
- TEDDY研究で783人の子供から 10,913人の便のメタゲノムの分析.
- 3ヶ月の年齢から臨床的エンドポイントまで毎月サンプルを採取する (小島自身免疫またはT1D).
- 分類学および機能的微生物群プロフィールの縦断的評価
主要な成果:
- コントロールの子供の微生物群は,発酵と短鎖脂肪酸 (SCFA) バイオシンセシスの遺伝子を多く示した.
- T1Dに関連した微生物因子は機能的に一貫したが,分類学的に多様であった.
- 乳児の微生物群の発達はダイナミックで個別化され,特定のビフィドバクテリア種またはプロテオバクテリアが支配していた.
- B. ロンガムのヒトミルクオリゴサカライド利用遺伝子は,母乳で育った乳児に特異的であった.
結論:
- 腸内微生物群の変化は 早期発症の1型糖尿病と関連しています
- 短鎖脂肪酸はT1Dに対する保護効果がある可能性があります.
- この研究は 発達中の乳児の腸内微生物の 詳細な機能的な洞察を提供します
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