砂漠 に 住ん で いる グヌー の 驚くべき 筋肉 と 運動 能力
Nancy A Curtin1, Hattie L A Bartlam-Brooks2, Tatjana Y Hubel2
1Structure & Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK. ncurtin@rvc.ac.uk.
Nature
|October 26, 2018
まとめ
青いグヌは 乾燥した環境で 驚くべき耐久性を発揮し 水なしで長距離を旅します 筋肉の効率は 移動中の熱の発生を最小限に抑えて 厳しい気候で生き残るのに役立ちます
科学分野:
- 動物学
- 生理学
- バイオメカニクス
背景:
- 乾燥した地域に住む大型哺乳類は 長い距離を移動し 水と食料の供給に問題があります
- 地上移動のエネルギーコスト (輸送コスト) は,飛行や泳ぎよりもかなり高い.
- 肉体の大きさや四肢の長さは,陸上の動物の輸送コストを一般的に減らす.
研究 の 目的:
- 熱くて乾燥した環境で長距離の移動を可能にするブルー・グヌ (Connochaetes taurinus) の生理学的適応を調査する.
- 移動中のエネルギー利用を理解するために 青いグヌの筋肉の効率を比較する
主な方法:
- 移動と環境センサーを備えたGPS追跡カラーで 野生動物の行動と移動を監視しました
- グヌや家畜の筋肉の生検は,周期的な収縮時に働く力や効率を分析した.
- アイソメトリック収縮のエネルギーコストは,体温調節の課題をモデル化するために,筋肉繊維で測定された.
主要な成果:
- ブルー・グヌは 5日間で 80キロまで移動し 主に昼間でした
- ワイルドビーストの移動は,温度と湿度の影響を受けず,ある程度の行動温度調節が観察された.
- ワイルドビーストの筋肉は,家畜の牛の筋肉 (41.8%) に比べて,熱生成を最小限に抑えるのに役立ちます.
結論:
- 青いグヌの筋肉の効率は 暑く乾燥した環境で 長い移動の間 温度調節の課題を最小限に抑えるための重要な適応です
- これらの発見は 極端な環境で生き残るために 大型の哺乳類が採用した生理学的戦略を 強調しています
- この研究は動物移動の バイオメカニクスとエネルギーについて 洞察力を与えてくれます
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