腸内細菌因子は,ドロソフィラの運動行動を調節する
Catherine E Schretter1, Jost Vielmetter2, Imre Bartos3
1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. cschrett@caltech.edu.
Nature
|October 26, 2018
まとめ
腸内微生物群は 動物の移動に大きく影響します 特定のバクテリアとその酵素は,キセロースイソメラーゼのように,オクトパミナージックニューロンによって媒介される糖質代謝に影響を与え,運動を調節する.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 微生物学
- 動物 の 行動
背景:
- 動物の行動に関する研究は,様々な機能に影響する腸-脳コミュニケーションの証拠にもかかわらず,しばしば周辺の影響を無視しています.
- ホストの移動を調節する腸内微生物の役割とその基礎的なメカニズムはほとんど未知のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターの宿主移動に対する腸内微生物の影響を調査する.
- 腸内微生物群が運動行動を調節する 分子や細胞のメカニズムを特定する
主な方法:
- 運動行動を評価するために,細菌のない,抗生物質で処理されたドロソフィラ・メラノガスターのモデルを使用した.
- ラクトバシルス・ブレヴィスを含む特定の細菌による単一植民地化の効果を調査した.
- バクテリアの酵素キセロースイソメラーゼの役割とその糖質代謝への影響を調べた.
- これらの効果を媒介するオクトパミナージーニューロンとオクトパミンの関与を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 病原菌のないか,抗生物質を投与したハエは,運動能力が強かった (歩行速度や日々の活動が増加した).
- ラクトバシルス・ブレヴィスによる単体植民は 過剰活性の現象型を救いました
- バクテリアの酵素キシロースイソメラーゼは,糖質代謝を調節することによって,微生物の植民地の運動効果を模倣した.
- オクトパミナージックニューロン活性化またはオクトパミンの投与は,シロースイソメラーゼの運動に対する効果を相殺した.
結論:
- 腸内微生物群は ホストの動きを調整する上で 重要な役割を担っています
- バクテリアの酵素キシロースイソメラーゼは,砂糖の代謝を通してドロソフィラの移動に影響を与えます.
- オクトパミナージックニューロンは 周辺微生物の信号と 運動行動の調節を結びつける 重要な媒介者の役割を果たします
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