細胞と種間の遺伝子発現の多様性は,先天的な免疫を形作る
Tzachi Hagai1,2, Xi Chen3, Ricardo J Miragaia3,4
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK. tzachi@ebi.ac.uk.
Nature
|October 26, 2018
まとめ
細胞内在の免疫反応は,種別遺伝子の多様性と細胞間発現の変動性を示しています. このパターンは 免疫性遺伝子に見られるが 制御性遺伝子は 見られないが バランスのとれた防御のための 進化した微調整を示唆している
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ゲノミクス
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 生まれつきの免疫は 病原体に対する第一防衛線です
- 細胞の免疫反応は個々の細胞によって大きく異なる.
- 生まれつきの免疫の調節を形作る 進化的圧力は 完全に理解されていません
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝的免疫反応における種間および細胞間の変異性を特徴づける.
- トランスクリプションレベルでの 生まれつきの免疫反応の構造をマッピングする
主な方法:
- 大量と単細胞のトランスクリプトミクスを利用した.
- 複数の種から生じた 線維細胞と単核ファゴサイトを研究した.
- 免疫刺激を 細胞に施した
主要な成果:
- 細胞間で変化し,異なるプロモーター構造を持つ転写的に異なる遺伝子 (例えば,サイトカイン,ケモカイン) を特定した.
- 調節性遺伝子 (例えば,転写因子,キナーゼ) は,細胞間発現の変動性が低い種間で保存されていることが判明した.
- 異なる種と状態で 一貫した表現パターンを観察した.
結論:
- 観察された発現パターンは 生まれつきの免疫調節を 微調整する進化的メカニズムを示唆しています
- このバランスは 免疫反応を効果的に制御し 自傷を最小限に抑えます
- 効果遺伝子の分岐と 規制遺伝子の保存は 生まれつきの免疫を最適化します
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