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関連する概念動画

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
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Types of Chemical Bonds02:37

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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
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新皮質領域における共有され,異なるトランスクリプトミックの細胞タイプ

Bosiljka Tasic1, Zizhen Yao2, Lucas T Graybuck2

  • 1Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA. bosiljkat@alleninstitute.org.

Nature
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは単細胞RNA配列解析を用いてマウス新皮質の 133種類の細胞を特定した. ほとんどのGABAニューロンは共有されていたが,グルタマタージックニューロンは領域特異であり,異なる細胞タイプ分布を明らかにした.

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • 神経皮質は 層や機能的な領域に分かれています
  • 細胞の多様性を理解することは 脳機能の解読に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • ネズミの新皮質の機能的に異なる領域の細胞タイプのトランスクリプトミックの多様性を調査する.
  • 遺伝子発現と長期予測に基づく皮質細胞の分類を確立する.

主な方法:

  • 主要視野皮質と前側運動皮質から23,822の細胞の深層単細胞RNA配列解析.
  • グルタマタージックニューロンのプロジェクション特異性を決定するために,逆行ラベル付けによるトランスクリプトミックのデータを統合する.

主要な成果:

  • 133種類の異なったトランスクリプトーム細胞の識別
  • ほぼすべてのγ-アミノバター酸 (GABA) を含むニューロンタイプは2つの領域間で共有されました.
  • 大抵のグルタマタージックニューロンは視覚皮質または運動皮質に特異的でした.

結論:

  • 皮質細胞の組成は,機能的に異なる領域間で,特にグルタマタージックニューロンでは著しく変化する.
  • トランスクリプトミクスと投影的分類は,マウス皮質細胞の種類を包括的に分類する.
  • この研究は,新皮質の組織と細胞タイプの異質性についての理解を深める.