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Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Equivalent Resistance01:16

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In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.
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Resistance and Conductance01:25

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A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
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Rolling Resistance01:21

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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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Quantitative Measurement of GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane by Flow Cytometry
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細胞膜 は 流れ に 抵抗 する

Zheng Shi1, Zachary T Graber2, Tobias Baumgart2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Cell
|November 6, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

膜の緊張の変化は,流体モザイクモデルとは異なり,無傷の細胞では遠くまで移動しません. 局所的な膜の緊張は,長距離の伝播ではなく,イオンチャネル活動や膀融合のような細胞プロセスに影響します.

キーワード:
細胞メカニズム膜シグナリング膜の緊張毛細なメディアレオロギー

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • 流体モザイクモデルは,プラズマ膜を流体として記述し,緊張グラデーションに反応して流れを可能にします.
  • 膜の緊張が急速に広がり,長距離の細胞内信号伝達を媒介すると広く考えられています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 無傷の細胞と細胞の血圧の伝播ダイナミクスを調査する.
  • 膜の緊張が長距離シグナルメカニズムとして機能するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 細胞に付着した血栓と無傷の細胞における膜張力伝播の実験観察.
  • 細胞骨格に結合したトランスメブランタンパク質の抵抗を組み込む流体ダイナミックモデルの開発.
  • ヘラ細胞における張力拡散係数の測定
  • 主要な内皮細胞における機械感受性イオンチャネル活性化と膀融合の分析

主要な成果:

  • 膜張りの伝播は細胞泡では急速であるが,無傷の細胞では著しく抑制される.
  • 細胞骨組みに結合したトランスメブランタンパク質による抑制された伝播を,流体動的モデルが説明する.
  • 緊張は,約0.024μm2/sの拡散係数を持つHeLa細胞で拡散的に伝播する.
  • 内皮細胞の局所的な膜張力が増加すると,局所的なイオンチャネル活性化と膀融合が生じます.

結論:

  • 膜の緊張は遠距離細胞内信号伝達の媒介として機能しません.
  • 膜の緊張の局所的な変動は,異なるサブセルラー領域のプロセスに起因する.