青少年と成人の不健康なアルコール使用を減らすためのスクリーニングと行動カウンセリングの介入:米国の予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, Susan J Curry1, Alex H Krist2,3
1University of Iowa, Iowa City.
JAMA
|November 14, 2018
まとめ
妊娠中の女性を含む成人の不健康なアルコール使用に対するスクリーニングは,短期的なカウンセリングと併せて適度な利点を提供します. 青少年の場合の証拠は不十分なので,この年齢層ではスクリーニングは推奨されません.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 予防 医療
- 行動科学
背景:
- 過剰なアルコール摂取はアメリカにおける 早期死亡の主な原因で 急性および慢性疾患に寄与しています
- 妊娠中のアルコールの使用は,出生障害や発達障害の重要な予防可能な原因です.
研究 の 目的:
- 初等医療における不健康なアルコール使用のスクリーニングに関する勧告を更新する.
- アルコール関連の害を減らすためのスクリーニングとカウンセリングの効果を評価する.
主な方法:
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) が体系的な証拠レビューを依頼した.
- このレビューでは,スクリーニング方法の正確性と行動カウンセリング介入の有効性を評価した.
- スクリーニングとカウンセリングの潜在的な害も評価された.
主要な成果:
- 大人 (18歳以上) の不健康なアルコール使用に対するスクリーニングと短い行動カウンセリングは,適度な純利益を示しています.
- 妊娠中の女性も含め リスクの高い飲酒習慣を減らすことを目的とした介入です
- 青少年に対する利益と害のバランスを決定するには,証拠は不十分である (12-17).
結論:
- USPSTFは,妊娠中の女性を含む18歳以上の成人の不健康なアルコール使用に対するスクリーニングを推奨しています.
- リスクの高いレベルでの飲酒が認められた人に対して 簡潔な行動カウンセリングを提供すべきである.
- USPSTFは青少年に対して"I"の声明を出し,証拠が不十分であることを示した.
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