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プラズマ細胞フリーDNAメチロームを用いた敏感腫瘍検出と分類
Shu Yi Shen1, Rajat Singhania1, Gordon Fehringer2
1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nature
|November 16, 2018
まとめ
液体生検は癌の早期発見に 有望なアプローチです 細胞フリーDNAメチル化パターンを分析する新しい方法は,初期段階でも様々ながんを特定し分類する上で高い精度を示しています.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- ゲノミクス
- バイオテクノロジー
背景:
- 液体生検は 癌の検出と管理の強力なツールとして 登場しています
- ソマティック変異を用いた現在の循環腫瘍DNA (ctDNA) 検出方法は,早期の癌に対する感度に制限があります.
- エピジェネティック変異,特にDNAメチル化は,これらの制約を克服できる組織と癌型の特定のパターンを提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 液体生検から細胞フリーDNA (cfDNA) のメチロームを分析するための敏感な方法を開発する.
- cfDNAにおける腫瘍特有の大規模DNAメチル化変化を検出する能力を実証する.
- 癌の早期発見と分類のためのcfDNAメチル化パターンの有用性を確立する.
主な方法:
- メチローム分析のための敏感な免疫降水ベースのプロトコルの開発.
- 多種腫瘍の血サンプルから cfDNAを分析する.
- 癌の検出と分類におけるメソッドの性能の検証
主要な成果:
- 開発されたプロトコルは,少量のcfDNAのメチロームを分析できます.
- 検出された大規模なDNAメチル化変化は,腫瘍特異的なパターンで濃縮されます.
- プラズマcfDNAメチル化による様々ながんの検出と分類に優れた性能が実証されました.
結論:
- プラズマのcfDNAメチル化パターンは,がん検出の有効なバイオマーカーとして機能する.
- このアプローチは,早期の癌の最小侵襲的検出と分類に重要な可能性を秘めています.
- この発見は 腫瘍学における新しい診断と検知戦略の 基礎をなしています
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