20世紀における未知氷河による海面上昇への貢献
David Parkes1,2, Ben Marzeion3
1Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. david.parkes.88@gmail.com.
Nature
|November 23, 2018
まとめ
20世紀の世界平均海面上昇 (GMSLR) に大きく貢献した. これらの未知の氷河を 計測することで GMSLRの予算を縮小し 新しい物理的プロセスを 引き起こすことはできません
科学分野:
- 氷河学
- 気候科学
- 海洋学
背景:
- 20世紀の世界平均海面上昇 (GMSLR) は,氷の融解,熱膨張,水の貯蔵の変化に起因する.
- 現在のGMSLRの見積もりは,しばしば観測されたレベルを下回っており,計上されていない貢献を示唆しています.
- 氷河の在庫は通常,小さな氷河を過小評価し,その影響を過小評価する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 過去のGMSLRに欠落した氷河と消失した氷河の貢献度を定量化する.
- これらの未知氷河が GMSLRの予算の不一致を 説明できるかどうかを評価する.
- 歴史的な海面上昇を説明するために新しい物理的プロセスが必要かどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 地域分析と理論的なスケーリング関係を使用して,在庫に含まれていない小さな氷河の量を推定しました.
- 失われた氷河の推定質量損失から,海面等価 (SLE) を計算した.
- 1901年に存在していたが 2015年までに完全に溶けた氷河からの SLE の寄与を推定した.
主要な成果:
- 失われた氷河は,1901年から2015年の間に推定12.3〜42.7mmのSLEを寄与した.
- 消失した氷河は同じ期間にさらに4.4~5.3mmの SLEをもたらした.
- 未調査の氷河 (16.7〜48.0 mm SLE) の合計の貢献は,GMSLR予算の不一致と一致しています.
結論:
- 未調査の氷河は 歴史的なGMSLR予算を 締めくくる重要な要因です
- これらの氷河の貢献は年間平均0.17〜0.53mmで,年間0.5mmの差異の多くを説明しています.
- 未発見の物理的過程は 海面上昇の歴史を説明するために 必要ではありません 未発見の氷河が不足の原因です
関連する概念動画
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube
3.2K
When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
3.2K
Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
1.7K
Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing...
1.7K
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
1.1K
Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
1.1K
Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
2.1K
David Wechsler, a psychologist who worked with World War I veterans, developed a significant IQ test in 1939 called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This test was innovative because it combined several subtests that measured both verbal and nonverbal skills, reflecting Wechsler's belief that intelligence is a global capacity involving purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. This test later evolved into the Wechsler Adult Intelligence...
2.1K
Leveling Effect
1.4K
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
1.4K
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
753
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
753


