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関連する概念動画

Electric Field01:16

Electric Field

12.8K
Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
In the new picture, imagine that the first charge sets up an electric field independent of all other charges in the universe. When another charge comes in its vicinity, the second charge experiences an electric force depending on the electric field at that point. The source charge does not...
12.8K
Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field01:13

Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field

5.6K
For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the...
5.6K
Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential01:12

Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential

5.0K
The electric field and electric potential are related to each other. If the electric field at various points in the region of interest is known, it can be used to calculate the electric potential difference between any two points. Similarly, if the electric potential is known for various points, then it is possible to calculate the electric field.
In general, regardless of whether the electric field is uniform, it points in the direction of decreasing potential because the force on a positive...
5.0K
Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

7.4K
When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then...
7.4K
Electric Field Lines01:25

Electric Field Lines

9.6K
The three-dimensional representation of the electric field of a positive point charge requires tracing the electric field vectors, whose lengths decrease as the square of their distance from the charge and which point away from the charge at each point. This vector field is no doubt challenging to visualize. The visualization of electric fields becomes quickly intractable as the number of charges increases.
The solution to this problem is to use electric field lines, which are not vectors but...
9.6K
Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

4.6K
The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
4.6K

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Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
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Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

Published on: September 12, 2011

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選択的に光化学反応性を変化させる戦略として,内向型電場

Nicholas S Hill1, Michelle L Coote1

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は,時間依存密度関数理論を使用して,充電された関数群がアセトフェノン派生体にどのように影響するか調査した.

科学分野:

  • コンピュータ化学
  • 写真化学
  • 有機化学

背景:

  • アセトフェノン誘導体は,光化学で広く研究されている.
  • 興奮状態の特性を制御することは,新しい光化学的プロセスを開発するために不可欠です.
  • 内部の電場は 分子行動を調整する 潜在的方法を提示します

研究 の 目的:

  • アセトフェノン誘導体の内部電場として充電された機能群の使用を調査する.
  • 内部電場が光化学的行動に どう影響するか調べるためだ
  • これらの静電効果の調整と制御を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 時間依存密度関数理論 (TD-DFT) の計算を使用した.
  • 充電された機能群を持つ様々なアセトフェノン誘導体でシミュレーションを行った.
  • 置換剤の位置 (オルト,メタ,パラ) と電荷 (陽性,負性) を体系的に変化させました.

主要な成果:

  • 非結合電荷群は,興奮状態の安定性を -1.44 eVまで大幅に変化させる.
  • パラ置換された負の電荷は,nπ*を不安定化し,ππ*の移行を安定させる.
  • パラ置換された陽性電荷はこれらの効果を逆転させ,位置の変化はインパクトを調整する.

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A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
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External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

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Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
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Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

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A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
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A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

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External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

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結論:

  • 充電された機能群は 光化学的行動を制御する 調節可能な内部電場として機能します
  • これらの効果は,pH反応性酸および塩基を使用してオン/オフすることができます.
  • このアプローチは,光化学プロセスの効率を高めるための有望な戦略です.