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原子時計の性能により,センチメートル以下でジオデシーが可能です
W F McGrew1,2, X Zhang1,3, R J Fasano1,2
1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
Nature
|November 30, 2018
まとめ
新しい光学原子時計は,かつてない精度で,重力の影響を時間的に測定する現在の能力を超えています. この画期的な発見により 進んだ地質学と 基礎物理学の研究が可能になりました
科学分野:
- 原子物理学
- メトロロジー
- 地理学
背景:
- 原子時計は周波数標準の振動を数えて時間を計る.
- 光学的な原子時計は精度が高く,10−17未満の分数性能に達します.
- 相対性理論によると 時間の経過は相対的であり 速度,加速,重力の影響を受けます
研究 の 目的:
- 地球の重力による時空の歪みを説明する現在の能力を超える光学時計の測定を実証する.
- 光学時計の体系的不確実性,測定の不安定性,再現性に関する新しい基準を確立する.
主な方法:
- 2つの独立したイテルビウム光学格子時計を使用した.
- 性能基準を評価するためにローカルクロック測定を行いました.
- 再現性分析のために10回のブラインド周波数比較を行った.
主要な成果:
- 1.4 × 10−18 (クロック周波数単位で) の体系的不確実性を達成した.
- 測定の不安定性は3.2 × 10−19と報告されています.
- 周波数差が [-7 ± 5] ± 8] × 10−19 であることが証明された.
結論:
- 証明された光学時計は,時空の重力歪曲を測定する現在の能力を超えています.
- センチメートルの解像度で高度なジオデシを可能にします
- これらの時計は地質学的現象を調査し,一般相対性理論をテストし,暗黒物質の探求に用いられます.
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