温度依存性低酸素は,ペルミア期末の大量絶滅の生物地理と深刻さを説明する
Justin L Penn1, Curtis Deutsch1,2, Jonathan L Payne3
1School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jpenn@uw.edu cdeutsch@uw.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 8, 2018
まとめ
急速な気候変動が ペルミアの大量絶滅を引き起こしました 海洋の温暖化と酸素の減少は 生理学的ストレスを引き起こし 海洋生物に影響を及ぼし "大絶滅"につながりました
科学分野:
- 古代気候学
- 古生物学
- 海洋生物学
背景:
- ペルミア-トライアス紀の境界 (約2億5200万年前) は,地球で最も深刻な絶滅の出来事である"大絶滅"を表しています.
- この大量絶滅の主要な仮説は 急速な気候変動です
- 特定の環境ストレス要因とその海洋生物への影響を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ペルミ・トライアスの気候変化とその海洋環境への影響をモデル化すること.
- メタボリック指数 (Φ) を用いて海洋温暖化と酸素損失が海洋生物の生存に与える影響を評価する.
- 生理学的ストレスが 観察された絶滅パターンを説明するという仮説を検証する.
主な方法:
- ペルミア/トライアスの海洋状態を再構築するために気候モデルシミュレーションを使用しました.
- 様々な現代生物の代謝指数 (Φ) を計算してエアロビック範囲を評価した.
- モデル予測と比較するために,海洋化石記録の空間的に明示的な分析を行いました.
主要な成果:
- モデルシミュレーションでは,地質学的証拠と一致する海洋温暖化と酸素 (O2) 損失を成功裏に再現しました.
- メタボリック指数 (Φ) は,特に熱帯地域における有酸素生息地の有意な減少を示した.
- 化石記録の分析は モデル予測と一致して 熱帯の絶滅の頻度が低いことを確認した.
結論:
- プレミアからトライアスへの移行期における海洋温暖化と酸素の損失は 重要な環境ストレス因子でした
- これらの生理学的ストレスが "大いなる死"の半分以上を説明できるのです
- この研究は,海洋生物多様性危機における 気候変動と酸素の供給の重要な役割を強調しています.
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