国際移民の死亡率の世界的なパターン:体系的なレビューとメタ解析
Robert W Aldridge1, Laura B Nellums2, Sean Bartlett3
1Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 12, 2018
まとめ
国際移民は一般の人々と比べて死亡率の優位性を示し,ほとんどの病気のカテゴリーでは死亡率が低い. 主に高所得国からのこの発見は,疎外された集団のデータギャップを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 流行病学
- 人口統計
背景:
- 世界では2億5千8百万人の人々が 生まれ故郷以外の国で暮らしています
- 国際移民の死亡率に関するデータに関する以前のグローバル・システマティック・レビューやメタ分析は存在しなかった.
- この研究は,国際移民の死亡率に関する利用可能なデータをまとめることを目的とした.
研究 の 目的:
- 国際移民の世界的な死亡率のデータを体系的に検討し,メタ分析を行う.
- 異なる移民集団の死亡率のパターンと格差を特定する.
- 移住者の死亡率と目的地の一般人口を比較する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE,Embase,コクラン・ライブラリー,Google Scholar (2001年−2017年) で検索した.
- 観察研究,体系的なレビュー,国際移民の死亡率を報告したRCTが含まれています.
- 対象から除外された研究は,集中治療,既にある疾患,または母性/生理周期のアウトカムにのみ焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- 92ヶ国と1520万人以上の移民を対象とした96の研究が含まれています.
- 国際移民の総標準死亡率 (SMR) は0. 70 (95%CI 0. 65- 0. 76) であった.
- 死亡率の優位性は難民 (SMR 0.50) に見られるが,亡命希望者 (SMR 1.05) に見られない.難民と亡命希望者のデータは限られている.
結論:
- 国際移民は,特に高所得国において,一般住民と比較して死亡率の優位性を示しています.
- 感染症や外的原因を除くほとんどの病気のカテゴリーに当てはまります.
- 低所得国や中所得国の移民や 難民や亡命希望者のような特定の集団については 重要なデータ不足があります
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