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気候変動を緩和するための土地利用の変化の効率の評価
Timothy D Searchinger1,2, Stefan Wirsenius3, Tim Beringer4
1Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. tsearchi@princeton.edu.
Nature
|December 14, 2018
まとめ
気候政策の土地利用効率を定量化するのに役立つ. この指標は,炭素の貯蔵と食料生産を含む土地利用の変化による気候への影響をより良く評価します.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 気候科学
- 農業科学
背景:
- 土地利用の変化は,農業の拡大と生産による温室効果ガス排出量 (20-25%) に大きく寄与しています.
- 気候変動戦略は,地球規模の食糧需要の増大を伴い,土地による炭素貯蔵を増やすことを必要としています (2050年までに50%以上).
- 土地利用の変化が温室効果ガスの排出量に与える影響を 効率的に測定するには現在の方法が困難です
研究 の 目的:
- 炭素貯蔵と温室効果ガスの排出削減の観点から土地利用効率を定量化するための新しい"炭素利益指数"を提案する.
- 多様な土地の生産,農業の投入,そして異なる土地の生産性を評価するための共通の指標を提供すること.
主な方法:
- 土地利用の変化が世界の炭素貯蔵と温室効果ガスの排出削減に与える影響を評価するために,炭素利益指数を開発しました.
- 森林再生,バイオ燃料生産,食生活の変化など様々な土地利用と消費選択を評価するためにインデックスを適用しました.
- 土地の1ヘクタールあたりの生産形態,量,生産プロセスの変化を定量化することに焦点を当てています.
主要な成果:
- 提案されたインデックスは,標準的な方法よりも,土地利用が気候に与える影響をより包括的に評価します.
- 評価された土地利用の選択は,これまで考えられていたよりも,気候への影響が著しく大きいことを明らかにしています.
- 標準的な評価方法では,農業用でない土地の炭素貯蔵能力を 体系的に過小評価しています.
結論:
- 気候政策における土地利用の最適化には 炭素利益指数が不可欠です
- 土地利用効率の正確な測定は 食糧安全保障と気候変動緩和の目標のバランスをとる上で不可欠です
- 土地利用の評価を再考することで 気候変動を緩和する大きな機会が開けます
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