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人間とマカクの脳の発達における時空転写分岐
Ying Zhu1,2, André M M Sousa1, Tianliuyun Gao1
1Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 15, 2018
まとめ
この研究は,トランスクリプトミクスを用いて 種間の脳の発達をマッピングし, 神経発達障害に保存されたパターンと遺伝子のリンクを明らかにしています これらの発見は 人間の脳の進化と 病気の起源に光を当てています
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- ゲノミクス
- 発達生物学
背景:
- 人間の神経系の発達は複雑で 時間と空間における 精密な遺伝子調節が必要です
- 種間の保存された発達パターンを理解することは 人間の脳の進化と障害の洞察に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 霊長類の脳発達 (産前および産後) 中のトランスクリプトミックのパターンを調査する.
- 種と発達段階の間で保存され,異なった遺伝子発現プログラムを識別する.
- 人間の脳の進化と 神経精神疾患の遺伝的基盤を探求する
主な方法:
- 組織レベルと単細胞のトランスクリプトミックのデータを 16つのレサス・マカクの脳領域から生成した.
- マカクのデータと人間の発達データを統合した.
- 空間時間的な遺伝子発現パターンを分析し,異なった遺伝子を特定した.
主要な成果:
- 発達期および種間でのトランスクリプトミックの違いにおける"カップ型"パターンを特定し,生後収束を示した.
- 胎児新皮質における一時的な地形的グラデーションと,胎児後の脳の発達における機能的階層を観察した.
- 遺伝子の発現が変化して 産前前頭皮質の発達や 自閉症スペクトラム障害や 統合失調症に繋がっています
結論:
- トランスクリプトミックのプログラムでは 霊長類の脳の発達に 保存されたパターンを明らかにし 人間の脳の進化の洞察を 提供しています
- 特定の遺伝子発現の変化は,異なる脳領域の発達と神経精神疾患の病原性に関連しています.
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