合成グリコラット代謝経路は,作物の成長と生産性を刺激します

Paul F South^1,2, Amanda P Cavanagh², Helen W Liu³

¹Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 5, 2019

まとめ

C3植物で合成された経路は収穫量を40%以上上げますこの研究は植物生産性の重要な要因である光合成の効率を向上させます

科学分野:

植物生物学
生物化学
農業科学

背景:

光呼吸はC3植物における代謝プロセスで,グリコラットを解毒する.
このプロセスは,温度に依存する非効率性のために,作物の収穫量を20~50%減らすことができます.
この経路にはリブルース-1,5-二酸化炭素酸化酵素 (RuBisCO) の活性が中心です.

研究の目的:

農作物のクロロプラストにより効率的な合成グリコラート代謝経路を設計する.
経路の効率性に対するグリコラート輸出の抑制の影響を調査する.
代謝工学によるC3作物の収穫量の増加の可能性を評価する.

主な方法:

タバコのクロロプラストに合成グリコラート代謝経路の導入
クロロプラストからのグリコラート輸出を抑制し,合成経路を通過する流れを最大化します.
トランスジェニック植物における光合成量産とバイオマスの生産性の評価

主要な成果:

合成経路は光合成の量子生産性を20%改善しました
トランスジェニック系は,フィールド試験で40%以上のバイオマスの生産性を示した.
合成経路の効率を高めました

結論:

クロロプラストにおける代替グライコラート代謝経路の設計は,C3作物の収穫量を大幅に増加させることができます.
合成生物学による光呼吸の最適化は農業の生産性を向上させるための実行可能な戦略です
このアプローチは,畑の条件下で作物の回復力と収穫量を高めるのに有望です.

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