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Isotopes01:12

Isotopes

64.3K
Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
64.3K
Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

125.9K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
125.9K
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

70.1K
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
70.1K
Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible01:08

Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible

10.9K
An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released.
A special kind of exchange reaction is the oxidation-reduction reaction, or the redox reaction. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another. The electrons in these reactions commonly come from hydrogen atoms, which consist of an electron and a proton. A molecule gives up a...
10.9K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

209.3K
Overview
209.3K
Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

43.9K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.9K

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Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
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イソトープ・ラベリングは,メカノケミカル・ミルリング反応における急速な原子と分子交換を明らかにする.

Stipe Lukin1, Martina Tireli1, Tomislav Stolar1

  • 1Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđ̵er Bošković Institute , Bijenička 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 5, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

メカノケミカルボール・ミルリングは,粒子を継続的に分解し,再構成することで反応を加速し,ゆっくりとした固体状態の拡散を克服します. この方法は,固体の効率的なデュテリウムラベルを可能にします.

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Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
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Author Spotlight: Quantification of Complex Lipidomic Samples Using Stable Isotope Labeling
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 化学について
  • 化学工学

背景:

  • 固体拡散は,多くの固体反応において速度を制限するステップである.
  • 機械化学的方法は,化学的変換のための代替経路を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • メカノキミカルボール・ミルリングの基本的メカニズムを調査する.
  • デュテリウムラベルを塗るためのボール・ミルリングの効率を証明するために.

主な方法:

  • タンドム・イン・シート・モニタリング技術が採用された.
  • 反応経路を追跡するために,同位体で標識された固体を使用した.
  • 液体添加物となく,メカノケミカルボール磨きが行われました.

主要な成果:

  • ボール・ミルリングは,ゆっくりとした拡散を回避して,連続した粒子の分解と成長によって反応を容易にします.
  • このプロセスは,純化学反応と非反応的固体対固体相互作用の両方に有効である.
  • 液体添加物を用いて高効率のデュテリウムラベリングが達成されました.

結論:

  • 機械化学的な球磨きは,固体プロセスにおける拡散の制限を克服するための基本的なメカニズムを提供します.
  • この方法論は,機械化学反応の仕組みを理解するために極めて重要です.
  • このテクニックは,同位体ラベリングの応用のための実用的なアプローチを提供します.