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Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Current Density01:21

Current Density

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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
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Displacement Current01:19

Displacement Current

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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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Charge and Current01:14

Charge and Current

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Electric charge is the most fundamental quantity in an electric circuit. The effects of electric charge are encountered daily, such as when a wool sweater sticks to the human body or when a person receives a shock while walking on a carpet.
Charge is an inherent property of the atomic particles that make up matter and is measured in units called coulombs (C). Matter is composed of atoms, each consisting of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge (-e), while protons...
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Current Dividers01:10

Current Dividers

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In parallel electrical connections, resistors are linked between the same pair of nodes, creating an equal voltage across each resistor. Kirchhoff's current law is applied to these connections, establishing that the sum of currents through these resistors equals the source current. Utilizing Ohm's law, the source current is determined as the product of the source voltage and the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances. This relationship simplifies the process of finding the current...
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Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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スイッチ可能なショットキーコンタクト:同時に出力電流と流出電流を減少させる

Guirong Su1, Sha Yang1, Shuang Li1

  • 1Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , Jiangsu , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 5, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は分子吸収状態を制御することで,改善された逆バイアス特性を持つ有機ショットキーダイオードを開発した. これは,シリコンベースのダイオードの限界を克服し,低漏れ電流と高出力を可能にします.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 凝縮物質物理学
  • ナノ科学

背景:

  • 金属半導体コンタクトはナノエレクトロニクスにとって非常に重要であり,ショットキーダイオードは高速のスイッチングと,高い逆流出を可能にします.
  • 従来のシリコンベースのショットキーダイオードは,前向きの性能を損なうことなく,逆バイアスの特性を改善する物理的な制限に直面しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • オーガニックベースのダイオードが従来のショットキーダイオードの限界を克服する可能性を調査する.
  • ダイオード性能を向上させるための可逆分子吸収状態を用いた新しいアプローチを実証する.

主な方法:

  • 密度関数理論 (DFT) のシミュレーションにより,分子吸収とショットキーバリアの高さをモデル化.
  • 修正動作を検証するための不均衡のグリーン関数 (NEGF) 輸送計算.

主要な成果:

  • 異なるシュットキー・バリアの高さは,Cu ((111) 上のアントラディチオフェンの異なる吸収状態のために実証された.
  • 化学吸収状態は,より高いショットキー・バリアを生み出し,逆流出電流を大幅に減少させた.
  • 物理的に吸収された状態は,より低いショットキー障壁をもたらし,前向きバイアスの下ではより大きな出力電流を可能にしました.

結論:

  • 分子吸収状態間の可逆的な移行は,優れた逆バイアス特性を持つ有機ショットキーダイオードを設計するための実行可能な戦略を提供します.
  • このアプローチにより,低漏れ電流と高出力電流を同時に改善し,ナノ電子機器の設計における重要な課題に取り組むことができます.