アストロサイト の 細胞 自律 時計 は,哺乳類 の 昼夜 行動 を 支配 し て い ます
Marco Brancaccio1, Mathew D Edwards2, Andrew P Patton2
1Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. m.brancaccio@imperial.ac.uk mha@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.
まとめ
脳内のアストロサイト
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- クロノバイオロジー
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 日々の生理学的プロセスに不可欠な循環リズムは,細胞内転写-翻訳フィードバックループ (TTFL) によって駆動されます.
- これらの細胞時計が多細胞システムに統合され,特に脳の上皮質核 (SCN) が行動を調節する仕組みは十分に理解されていない.
- 以前の研究では 主にニューロン時計に焦点を当てており,アストロサイトなどの他のSCN細胞の役割は不明でした.
研究 の 目的:
- SCN内のTTFLの細胞型特異的な役割を調査する.
- 非神経細胞,特にアストロサイトが自律的な昼夜時計機能を持っているかどうかを判断する.
- アストロサイトクロックがSCNニューロン活動と昼夜行動に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- SCNニューロンとアストロサイトにおける細胞型特異型TTFLの分析.
- 実験的に TTFL の機能を分離する.
- SCNにおける分子振動とマウスの昼夜行動の評価.
主要な成果:
- SCNニューロンとアストロサイトの両方で,独特で機能的に特化したTTFLを特定した.
- 自律的なアストロサイト型TTFLが,単独でSCN内の分子振動を誘導することが示された.
- アストロサイトクロックは,グルタマタージックシグナル伝達により,SCNニューロンにおける昼間遺伝子発現と機能を回復させることが示された.
- アストロサイトクロックだけでは マウスの昼夜行動に 足る事が確認されました
結論:
- アストロサイトは 分子振動を開始し維持できる 自律的な昼夜時計を持っています
- アストロサイトカルディアンクロックはSCNニューロン活動と全体的なカルディアン行動を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- これらの発見は,哺乳類の行動の重要なレギュレータとしてアストロサイトを強調する,昼夜リズム生成のための新しいメカニズムを明らかにします.
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