ヒトセマフォリン3変異はメラノコルチン回路の発達とエネルギーバランスを結びつける
Agatha A van der Klaauw1, Sophie Croizier2, Edson Mendes de Oliveira1
1University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Cell
|January 22, 2019
まとめ
セマフォリン3 (SEMA3) のシグナル伝達は,体重を調節する脳の回路の発達に不可欠です. SEMA3経路の遺伝子の遺伝子変異は重度の肥満と関連しており,エネルギーホメオスタシスに影響します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 遺伝学
- メタボリズム
背景:
- 低体質のメラノコルチンのニューロンは 体重を調節する鍵です
- セマフォリン3 (SEMA3) 信号経路は神経回路の発達に影響する.
研究 の 目的:
- 下垂体メラノコルチンの回路の発達におけるSEMA3シグナル伝達の役割を調査する.
- SEMA3経路の遺伝子変異と重度の肥満との関連を決定する.
主な方法:
- SEMA3A-Gとその受容体 (PLXNA1-4; NRP1-2) の肥満患者および対照群における遺伝分析
- セマフォリン3経路の遺伝子破壊が成長と肥満に与える影響を評価するゼブラフィッシュの変異性スクリーン.
- プロオピオメラノコルチンのニューロンにおけるニューロピリン-2の消去を伴うマウスモデル研究で,ニューロン発射,エネルギー消費,体重への影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- SEMA3経路の遺伝子の40の希少変異が重度の肥満の個体で特定され,症例と対照群では有意に濃縮された.
- ゼブラフィッシュにおけるセマフォリン3のシグナル伝達が妨げられ,体内の成長や脂肪が増加した.
- ネズミのプロオピオメラノコルチンのニューロンにおけるニューロピリン-2の消去は,パラベントリキュラー核の投影に障害をもたらし,エネルギー消費を減少させ,体重増加を引き起こした.
結論:
- SEMA3媒介のシグナル伝達は,下垂体メラノコルチン回路の適切な発達に不可欠です.
- SEMA3シグナリングの障害は,エネルギーホメオスタシスに影響を与えることで,肥満の病原化に寄与する.
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