CRISPR-Cas9によって媒介される超メンデルの遺伝
Hannah A Grunwald1, Valentino M Gantz1, Gunnar Poplawski2,3
1Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nature
|January 25, 2019
まとめ
研究者はマウスでCRISPR-Cas9遺伝子駆動システムを開発し 雌の生殖系統のDNA断絶を修正することで 遺伝をバイアスすることに成功しました この突破により 病気のモデリングのための複雑な遺伝子型が 素早く生成できます
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 分子生物学
- 発達生物学
背景:
- 遺伝子駆動システムは遺伝を偏り,急速なゲノタイプ作成を可能にします.
- CRISPR-Cas9技術により 昆虫の遺伝子操作が 効率的に可能になりました
- 哺乳類に遺伝子駆動を作り出す以前の試みは失敗した.
研究 の 目的:
- CRISPR-Cas9による遺伝子変換を初期マウス胚と生殖系で評価する.
- 哺乳類の遺伝子駆動にホモロジー・ディレクテッド・リペアが利用できるかどうかを判断する.
- マウスの複雑な遺伝子型を迅速に生成する方法を確立する.
主な方法:
- ガイドRNAをコードする活性遺伝子はマウスチロシナーゼ (Tyr) 遺伝子に埋め込まれた.
- CRISPR- Cas9は初期胚と発達中の男性と女性の生殖系で発現した.
- ホモロジー・ディレクテッド・リペアは,DNA破裂矯正と遺伝パターンの分析によって評価された.
主要な成果:
- CRISPR-Cas9は初期胚と雄性生殖系における二重鎖DNAの断裂を誘導したが,これらは同性指向修復によって修復されなかった.
- 女性の生殖系に限られたCas9発現は,ホモロジー・ディレクテッド・リペアによって修正された二重鎖の断裂をもたらした.
- この修正により 活性遺伝子要素が 受容体染色体に複製され 遺伝率が増加しました
結論:
- CRISPR-Cas9による遺伝子変換は,マウスの雌性生殖系では実現可能である.
- このシステムは,マウスの望ましいアレルの遺伝を成功裏にバイアスします.
- この技術は 生物医学研究における ネズミのモデルに革命をもたらします
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