浅瀬と深海の海底で,対照的なプロセスがオフィウロイドの生物多様性を促進する

Timothy D O'Hara¹, Andrew F Hugall², Skipton N C Woolley^2,3

¹Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. tohara@museum.vic.gov.au.

Nature

|January 25, 2019

まとめ

南半球の深海と浅瀬の無脊椎動物の多様性は,異なる進化過程によって形成されています. 極地地域は熱帯地域よりも多様化率が高く,特に深海の環境ではそうである.

科学分野:

海洋生物学
進化生物学
深海の生態

背景:

深海の生物の分布と進化に関する限られた知識は保護の努力を妨げています
生物多様性のパターンを理解することは,海洋保護の優先領域を特定するために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

南半球の海底動物 (Ophiuroidea) の系統学および分布データを分析する.
浅瀬と深海の緯度多様性グラデーションを駆動する対照的な進化過程を調査する.

主な方法:

大規模な遺伝学および分布データセットの統合
海面から深淵まで,緯度グラデーションを越えて海底の動物を分析する.
浅い (0-200m) と深い (>200m) の海洋環境における進化過程の比較分析

主要な成果:

緯度的な多様性グラデーションは,浅い海と深い海で異なる進化的メカニズムによって組み立てられます.
浅い水域では熱帯の多様化が進み双方向の系統交換が起こります
深海と南極地域では逆の多様化率を示しており,極地緯度では最高であり,高緯度から低緯度への純交換があります.
熱帯の上部浴場地帯は古代の生物多様性,低多様性,適度な移民を持っています.
南極の動物は若く,特化しており,ケノゾイク期中期の冷却による絶滅から回復している.

結論:

海洋生物多様性を形作る進化過程は浅瀬と深海の生態系に大きく異なっています
南極の深海動物は過去の気候変動と結びついた進化のダイナミクスを表しています
発見は様々な海洋領域におけるターゲット化された保全戦略の洞察を提供します

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