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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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細胞間相互作用を検出するための酵素媒介の細胞間近さのラベル付け

Yun Ge1, Long Chen1, Shibo Liu1

  • 1Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 25, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は細胞の通信を検出するために酵素媒介の近接細胞ラベル (EXCELL) を開発しました. この方法は新しい酵素を用いて 相互作用する細胞にラベルを貼り 細胞同士の相互作用について 新たな洞察を与えます

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 生物化学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 細胞同士の相互作用は 生命にとって不可欠ですが 十分に理解されていません
  • 既存の方法は,これらの相互作用をリアルタイムで研究する上で限界があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞同士の相互作用を検出し記録するための新しい戦略を開発する.
  • 生活条件で適用可能な一般的な方法を確立する.

主な方法:

  • 酵素媒介による近接細胞ラベリング (EXCELL) 戦略を開発した.
  • 進化したStaphylococcus aureus transpeptidase sortase A変種 (mgSrtA) を利用した.
  • mgSrtAは,N端のモノグリシンを含む細胞表面タンパク質に無条件にラベルを貼る.

主要な成果:

  • EXCELLは,相互作用する細胞の近接依存のラベル付けを可能にします.
  • この方法は,生物の細胞間通信を検出することを可能にします.
  • 細胞の相互作用を研究する一般的なアプローチを示した.

結論:

  • EXCELLは,細胞間の相互作用を調査するための汎用的なツールです.
  • この戦略は 細胞のコミュニケーションの ダイナミクスの研究を進めます
  • 細胞同士のコミュニケーションに関する将来の研究に 基礎を築きます