メタボリック・アシンメトリーと海洋捕食者の多様性

John M Grady^1,2, Brian S Maitner³, Ara S Winter⁴

¹Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. jgradym@gmail.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 26, 2019

まとめ

海洋捕食者の多様性は典型的な緯度グラデーションに逆らって寒い水域で最高ですこれは,内熱生物と外熱生物の代謝の違いによって引き起こされ,食物網と獲物の消費に影響を与えます.

科学分野:

海洋生物学
エコロジー
生物多様性科学

背景:

種は熱帯から極地まで減少しますが寒い温帯の海では海洋哺乳類や鳥類の多様性が高くなります
この逆緯度グラデーションは,一般的な生物多様性パターンの重要な例外です.

研究の目的:

海洋生物の多様性の逆緯度グラディエントを特定し,定量化する.
熱調節戦略と環境要因に基づいてこれらのパターンを説明する理論的枠組みを開発する.

主な方法:

サメ,魚,爬虫類,哺乳類,鳥類を含む998種の包括的なデータセットをまとめました.
熱調節戦略 (内熱と外熱) と水温との関係で富,遺伝子多様性,豊富さを分析した.
餌と獲物の消費の空間的なパターンを調査した.

主要な成果:

海洋捕食者の豊かさ,遺伝子多様性,そして豊富さは,熱調節戦略と水温によって体系的に異なる.
エンドサームとエクトサーム間の代謝の違いは,トロフィックと競争的相互作用の主要な要因として特定されました.
海の哺乳類の餌の総消費量は生産性に関係なく赤道から極地まで大きく増加しました (80倍)

結論:

熱調節戦略と関連する代謝の違いは,海洋捕食者の逆緯度多様性グラデーションを説明します.
これらの要因は海洋の食物網を形作る複雑な栄養と競争の相互作用を誘導します
発見は,海洋生物多様性のパターンの構造化における生理学的適応の重要な役割を強調しています.

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