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単細胞プロフィーリングは,神経炎症の間に異なる運命を持つ骨髄細胞サブセットを識別します
Marta Joana Costa Jordão1,2, Roman Sankowski1,3, Stefanie M Brendecke1
1Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 26, 2019
まとめ
この研究では 炎症時に脳内に新しい種類の 骨髄細胞が発見されました マクロファージを含むこれらの細胞は,成長の仕方を変化させ,中枢神経系 (CNS) の抗原プレゼンテーションに不可欠ではありません.
科学分野:
- 神経免疫学
- 細胞 と 分子 神経科学
- 生まれつきの免疫
背景:
- 健康な中枢神経系 (CNS) には,様々な先天的な免疫細胞,主にパレンキマおよび非パレンキママクロファージが含まれています.
- 中枢神経系の炎症は 循環する骨髄細胞を集め 免疫細胞の複雑性を高めます
- 疾患に関連した特定の骨髄性サブセット,それらの転写プロファイル,および中枢神経系の病理学的動態は,大部分が特徴づけられていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 神経炎症の際に様々な中枢神経系部位で認識されていない骨髄系のサブセットを包括的に特徴づける.
- これらの骨髄性サブセットのトランスクリプションプロファイルとダイナミックな振る舞いを調査します.
- 炎症過程における内生的な中枢神経組織マクロファージの機能的役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 単細胞トランスクリプトーム分析
- 運命マッピングと in vivo 画像技術
- クローン解析と変異遺伝子マウスモデルを使用した.
主要な成果:
- 神経炎症の際に,中枢神経系内の,以前に認識されなかった骨髄系のサブセットを特定し,特徴づけました.
- 中枢神経系のマクロファージのサブセットは 炎症時に自己再生をします
- 炎症状態における骨髄細胞におけるランダム増殖からクローン増殖へのシフトが示された.
- 機能的研究は,内生的な中枢神経組織マクロファージが抗原表示に余剰であることを示した.
結論:
- 神経炎症は,中枢神経系の骨髄細胞の多様性と動態を大きく変化させます.
- 内生的なCNSマクロファージは,抗原のプレゼンテーションに限られた役割を果たし,特殊な機能を示唆している.
- この研究は 病気の時に脳内にある 免疫系の異質性や行動について 重要な洞察を与えてくれます
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