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Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

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Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
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Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

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Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
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Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs01:20

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

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Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to...
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The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule03:02

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To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Factorial Design

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Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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モデルアニオンブロックコポリマーベシクルは,カルシット内の効率的なナノ粒子の遮断のための重要な設計規則を提供します.

Yin Ning1, Lijuan Han1, Matthew J Derry1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は 成長する結晶の中に ナノ粒子を効率的に 閉じ込めることができる設計ルールを 開発しました 最適なステリック安定剤の鎖長とポリ・メタクリル酸のアニオンカルボキシラートグループは,カルシット内のナノ粒子の遮断を大幅に強化します.

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An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Synthesis of Ligand-free CdS Nanoparticles within a Sulfur Copolymer Matrix
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An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー
  • バイオミネラル化

背景:

  • 結晶におけるナノ粒子の遮断は,生物鉱物化を理解し,ナノ複合体を作るための鍵です.
  • ナノ粒子遮断の効率的な方法は確立されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 成長する無機結晶内の効率的なナノ粒子遮断のための設計規則を確立する.
  • ナノ粒子の遮断におけるステリック安定剤の鎖長と化学の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • ポリメリゼーション誘発によるセルフアセンブリによるシリカを積んだテトラブロックコポリマーベシクルの合成
  • ポリメタクリル酸の安定剤鎖の聚合度 (DP) の体系的な変化
  • ナノ粒子の遮断範囲と結果の結晶形態の分析.

主要な成果:

  • 安定剤DPに焦点を当てた研究を可能にしました.
  • 最適な安定剤DPは,カルシットで41%の体積の膀閉塞を達成した.
  • アニオンカルボキシラートグループは安定剤で他のグループ (リン酸塩,硫酸塩,硫酸塩) を上回った.
  • 閉塞した膀は 大きく変形した

結論:

  • ステリック安定剤の鎖の長さは,効率的なナノ粒子遮断に不可欠です.
  • アニオンカルボキシラートグループは,優れた遮断性能を提供します.
  • 膀は,ナノ粒子を結晶に組み込むための"トロイの木馬"として機能し,ナノ複合材料の製造に関する新しい洞察を提供します.