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CasX酵素は,RNAによるゲノムエディタの一種である
Jun-Jie Liu1,2,3, Natalia Orlova2, Benjamin L Oakes4
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|February 6, 2019
まとめ
科学者たちはCRISPR-CasXを発見しました これはCas9とCas12aとは異なるRNAによる新しいゲノム編集システムです このシステムはDNAの結合と分裂のためのユニークな構造を利用し,細菌とヒトの遺伝子改変のための新しい可能性を提供しています.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝学
- 生物化学
背景:
- CRISPRに関連する (Cas) Cas9とCas12aは,適応免疫とゲノム編集のための確立されたRNA誘導システムです.
- これらのシステムは様々な生物の遺伝子改変に不可欠なツールです
研究 の 目的:
- 新しいRNA誘導型ゲノム編集プラットフォームであるCRISPR-CasXのメカニズムを解明する.
- CasXのユニークな構造と機能の特性を説明する.
主な方法:
- CasXの活性を評価するために生化学的測定と体内実験が行われました.
- クリオ電子顕微鏡を用いて,様々な複合体におけるCasXの構造を決定した.
主要な成果:
- CRISPR-CasXは プログラム可能な二重鎖DNA結合と分裂能力を示しています
- CasXはEscherichia coliとヒトの細胞の両方のゲノム改変に有効です.
- 構造分析により,広範囲にわたる RNA 構造と CasX 機能に不可欠な DNA の解き放たれる領域が明らかになった.
結論:
- CRISPR-CasXは3つ目の 根本的に異なるRNAによる ゲノム編集プラットフォームです
- CasXの活動は収束的に進化し,Cas9とCas12aから分離した家族を形成した.
- この発見はゲノム工学のツールキットを拡張し CRISPR システムの進化の洞察を与えてくれます
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