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この 患者 は 挿管 する の に 難し ます か : 合理的な臨床試験の体系的レビュー
Michael E Detsky1,2, Naheed Jivraj3,4, Neill K Adhikari2,3,5
1Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
JAMA
|February 6, 2019
まとめ
難易度の高い内経管内置を予測することは,患者の安全性にとって極めて重要です. 上唇の噛み検査と下唇の距離は重要な指標ですが,難易度の高い呼吸道を排除するテストは1つでもありません.
科学分野:
- 麻酔科 と 集中治療 科
- 呼吸道管理
- 予測診断
背景:
- 難易度の高い内側静脈管は 患者に重大なリスクをもたらします
- 呼吸道に問題がある患者の早期発見は 準備に不可欠です
- 精密な予測により 適時な支援と高度な呼吸器具の配備が可能になります
研究 の 目的:
- 臨床的危険因子と身体検査の結果を特定し,難易度の高い内経管内置を正確に予測する.
- メタアナリシスで様々な臨床予測者の診断精度を評価する.
主な方法:
- 62件の高品質の研究の体系的レビューとメタ分析 (レベル1〜3のエビデンス).
- 検索したデータベース: MEDLINEとEMBASE (1946-2018).
- 診断精度のメタ解析に使用された二変性および一変性ランダム効果モデル.
主要な成果:
- 検査対象患者の約10%が難易度のある挿管を経験した.
- 予測的発見には,上唇の噛みテスト (Class 3),短い下唇の距離 (<5. 5 cm),逆行性,およびウィルソンスコアが含まれます.
- 修正されたMallampatiスコア (≥3) は,他の結果と比較して予測精度が低かった.
結論:
- いくつかの単純な臨床的発見は 難易度が高いインチューベーションを 効果的に予測します
- 難易度の高い呼吸道の可能性を 断固として排除できる臨床的発見はない.
- 異常な上唇の噛み検査は,難易度のある挿管を10%から60%以上増加させます.
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