ヒトの腸内微生物群の新しいゲノム設計図
Alexandre Almeida1,2, Alex L Mitchell3, Miguel Boland3
1European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. aalmeida@ebi.ac.uk.
Nature
|February 13, 2019
まとめ
研究者らはヒトの腸内微生物群で 1,952種類の新しい細菌を発見しました これは腸内細菌の多様性や機能に関する理解を大きく広げ 健康や病気の研究に役立ちます
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- ゲノミクス
- 人間の微生物群の研究
背景:
- 人間の腸内微生物の組成は 健康や病気に影響します
- 個々の微生物種の理解は 生物学的な役割の解読に不可欠です
- ヒトの腸内微生物群の完全な細菌のレパートリーは,広範な研究にもかかわらず,ほとんど未定義のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の腸内微生物の培養されていない細菌種を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ヒトの腸内微生物群の 既知の種多様性を拡大する.
- 新たに特定された腸内細菌の機能能力と潜在的役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 11,850人の腸内微生物から 92,143個のメタゲノム組み立てゲノムを再構築.
- 1,952の培養されていない候補細菌種を特定した.
- 新しく特定された種の流行と分類の正確さの比較分析
主要な成果:
- 培養されていない細菌の新種1952種を特定し,遺伝子多様性を281%増加させました.
- 新しく特定された種は,研究不足の集団 (アフリカと南米) の分類を200%以上強化します.
- これらの種はユニークな機能能力を持ち,数多くの新しい生物合成遺伝子クラスタをコードします.
結論:
- この研究は,培養されていない腸内細菌の既知の多様性を大幅に拡大しています.
- この多様性は,腸内微生物群の分類学および機能的特徴に前例のない解像度を提供します.
- この発見は 以前は知られていなかった 腸内微生物が 健康や病気に果たす 生物学的な役割について 新たな洞察を与えてくれます
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