恐怖障害に対する心理療法の基礎となる神経回路
Jinhee Baek1,2, Sukchan Lee1,3, Taesup Cho1
1Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.
Nature
|February 15, 2019
まとめ
この研究は 交互の双方向感覚刺激 (ABS) を使って 恐怖を軽減する 神経経経路を明らかにしています この脳の回路は 上部コリキュルと 中部タラムスを巻き込み トラウマ治療後の恐怖の軽減を 維持します
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 心理学
- トラウマ研究
背景:
- トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) は しばしば 眼球運動の無感化と再処理 (EMDR) のような 心理療法で治療されます
- EMDRの持続的な効能に 基づく神経メカニズムは ほとんど特定されていません
- これらのメカニズムを理解することは より効果的なトラウマ介入の開発に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 交互の双方向感覚刺激 (ABS) の長期間の恐怖緩和効果を媒介する神経経路を特定する.
- 恐怖の消去と記憶における上部コリキュルス (SC) と中背部のタラマス (MD) 回路の役割を調査する.
- 恐怖に関連した脳の領域における 神経活動をどのように調節するか解明するためです
主な方法:
- マウスは視覚的ABSを組み込んだ 恐怖条件付けと絶滅のパラダイムにさらされました
- SC-MD回路内のニューロン活動を操作するために光遺伝的技術が使用されました.
- 電気生理学的記録とカルシウム画像は,SC,MD,および基礎側桃体 (BLA) のニューロン活動を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 視覚的ABSは恐怖を大幅に軽減し,SCとMDの活動を持続的に増加させました.
- SC-MDの回路は 恐怖の再発を防ぐのに必要で十分であることが判明しました
- ABSは,恐怖をコードする細胞を抑制し,MD媒介のフィードフォワード回路を通じて,BLAにおける抑制神経伝達を安定させることが示された.
結論:
- SCとMDを含む特定の神経経路が 持続的な恐怖の弱まりを媒介する.
- 交互の双方向感覚刺激 (ABS) は この経路を効果的に標的とし 恐怖を長期にわたって 軽減します
- これらの発見は 創傷的な記憶を 持続的に弱める強力な戦略の 神経的基盤を明らかにしています
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