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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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In brick wall construction, supporting structures are crucial for openings like windows and doors to maintain the integrity and support the weight of the wall above. These supports include lintels, corbels, and arches, each serving specific structural purposes.
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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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密度の変動は,混雑した表面での拡散のためのドアオープナーです.

Ann-Kathrin Henß1, Sung Sakong2, Philipp K Messer1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

酸素原子はCOで覆われたルテニウム表面に急速に拡散し,クリーンな表面とほぼ同じ速度です. この驚くべき移動性は,アドソルバートの粒子の移動を容易にする"ドアオープニング"メカニズムによって説明されます.

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科学分野:

  • 表面科学
  • 異質な触媒
  • 化学動力学

背景:

  • アドソルバットが多く覆われている触媒表面での粒子の拡散を理解することは,産業プロセスにとって極めて重要です.
  • ほとんどの吸附部位が占有されていることは,吸附物質の移動性をモデル化するための課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 完全に一酸化炭素 (CO) で覆われたルテニウム (Ru) の表面上の酸素 (O) 原子の拡散ダイナミクスを調査する.
  • O原子の拡散の背後にあるメカニズムの解明を,工業的に重要な,高カバー条件下で行う.

主な方法:

  • 原子解像度のための高速/変動温度スキャニングトンネル顕微鏡 (STM) を利用した.
  • 実験的観測を補うために密度関数理論 (DFT) の計算を使用した.

主要な成果:

  • 純粋な Ru ((0001) 表面での拡散率に匹敵する,驚くほど速い O 原子の拡散を観測した.
  • 原子的に解明された軌道は 個々のO原子の動的運動を明らかにした.
  • O原子の拡散を促進する"扉開く"メカニズムを特定した.

結論:

  • CO層の密度の変動によって導かれる"ドアオープニング"メカニズムにより,O原子が効率的に移動できます.
  • このメカニズムは,密集したCO層でもO原子の高い移動性を説明します.
  • リアルな産業用触媒条件下での表面拡散に関する重要な洞察を提供します.