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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.5K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.5K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

22.1K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
22.1K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

19.2K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
19.2K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

9.7K
9.7K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.5K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.5K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

24.8K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
24.8K

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Author Spotlight: Advanced Single-Molecule Techniques for Investigating Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions
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単分子精度による多重染色体相互作用

Meizhen Zheng1, Simon Zhongyuan Tian1, Daniel Capurso1

  • 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.

Nature
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ChIA-Dropは,単一分子レベルで複雑な3Dゲノム相互作用を正確にマッピングする新しいドロップレットベースの方法です. この技術は,異質性の高いクロマチン構造とプロモーター中心の相互作用を明らかにし,転写調節に関する新しい洞察を提供します.

さらに関連する動画

Making Precise and Accurate Single-Molecule FRET Measurements using the Open-Source smfBox
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Genome-wide Mapping of Drug-DNA Interactions in Cells with COSMIC Crosslinking of Small Molecules to Isolate Chromatin
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Author Spotlight: Advanced Single-Molecule Techniques for Investigating Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions
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Making Precise and Accurate Single-Molecule FRET Measurements using the Open-Source smfBox
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Genome-wide Mapping of Drug-DNA Interactions in Cells with COSMIC Crosslinking of Small Molecules to Isolate Chromatin
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Genome-wide Mapping of Drug-DNA Interactions in Cells with COSMIC Crosslinking of Small Molecules to Isolate Chromatin

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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 多細胞生物のゲノムは 3次元染色体領域に折り畳まれます
  • 既存の3Dゲノムマッピング方法 (Hi-C,ChIA-PET) は,ペアバイズリガーションを使用して,詳細な相互作用分析を制限して,集団レベルのデータを提供します.
  • 単細胞 Hi-C はデータ稀少性の問題があり,ドロップレットベースのゲノミクスはクロマチンの相互作用に適用されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 単一分子の精度で多重染色体相互作用分析のための新しい方法を開発する.
  • 既存の集団レベルと稀少な単細胞方法の限界を克服する.
  • 3Dゲノム構造の異質性と複雑さを調査する.

主な方法:

  • ChIA-Dropの開発: 多重染色体相互作用分析のための戦略で,ドロップレットベースとバーコードリンクされたシーケンシングを使用しています.
  • ドロソフィラ細胞に ChIAドロップを施した.
  • 複雑なクロマチンの相互作用を捕捉する強度が示されています.

主要な成果:

  • ChIA-Dropは,単一分子の精度で複雑なクロマチンの相互作用を捕捉し,集団レベルの方法を上回ります.
  • 染色体のトポロジカルな構造は主に多重であり,非常に異質である.
  • プロモーター中心の多価相互作用を明らかにし,転写に関するトポロジカルな洞察を提供した.

結論:

  • ChIA-Dropは 3Dゲノム組織を分析する上で 前例のない解像度を可能にします
  • この発見は,クロマチンのトポロジーの複雑で異質な性質を強調しています.
  • この方法は,遺伝子転写の調節に関する新しいトポロジカルな洞察を提供します.