細胞膜シナプスにおけるグルタマートシグナル伝達
Hai Huang1, Songmei Liu1, Thomas B Kornberg2
1Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 2, 2019
まとめ
ニューロンのシナプス成分は,ドロソフィラの空気袋原始体の発達に不可欠です. カルシウムトランジエントとグルタミン酸受容体を含むサイトネームによるグルタマテージ信号伝達は,このプロセスを媒介する.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学
- 神経科学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- ドロソフィラの空気袋原体 (ASP) はシグナル伝達によって発達する上皮管である.
- サイトネームは,ASPが翼のイメージナルディスクからデカペンタプレジック (Dpp) などの信号を受信するために使用する特殊なフィロポディアである.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラASPの発達におけるニューロンのシナプス成分の役割を調査する.
- ASPにおけるシトネム媒介通信の基礎となるシグナルメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- シナプスベシクル輸送タンパク質 (シナプトトブロビン,シナプトタグミン-1),グルタミン酸輸送体,およびカルシウムチャネルの変異がASPの発達に及ぼす影響を調査した.
- ASP細胞におけるシナプトタグミン4とグルタミン酸受容体GluRIIの機能を調べた.
- 細胞内カルシウムのレベルは,生画像を用いてASPサイトネームでモニタリングされた.
- 翼の円盤のイオンチャネルを刺激し 信号を評価した
- カルシウムとグルタミン酸受容体の役割を研究するために,薬理学的阻害剤 (EGTA,NASPM) を適用した.
主要な成果:
- シナプス膀の成分,グルタミン酸トランスポーター,またはカルシウムチャネルがディスク細胞に欠けていた場合,ASPにおけるDppシグナル伝達が損なわれた.
- シナプトタグミン4またはGluRIIが欠けていたASP細胞は,シグナル伝達に障害を示した.
- 信号活動と相関するASPの細胞内カルシウム上昇.
- カルシウムトランジエントはGluRIIに依存し,l- グルタミン酸と光遺伝的刺激によって活性化され,EGTAとNASPMによって抑制された.
- GluRIIの活性化は必要でしたが,信号には不十分でした.
結論:
- ニューロンのシナプス成分は,ドロソフィラASPの発達に重要な役割を果たします.
- ASPにおけるサイトネーム媒介のシグナル伝達はグルタマタージックであり,GluRIIによって調節されるカルシウムトランジエントを含む.
- この研究は,上皮の発達におけるグルタマタージックシグナル伝達の新たな役割を明らかにしている.
関連する概念動画
02:47The Synapse
133.0K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
133.0K
01:12Synaptic Signaling
79.3K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.3K
02:03What is Cell Signaling?
130.3K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
130.3K
01:26Chemical Synapses
11.5K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
11.5K
01:26Chemical Synapses
4.5K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
4.5K
01:28Electrical Synapses
10.6K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
10.6K