単一のニューロンの混乱は,V1における特異的な競争を明らかにする
Selmaan N Chettih1, Christopher D Harvey2
1Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|March 8, 2019
まとめ
影響マッピングは ニューロンの感覚表現の 変化を直接測定します 視覚野では ニューロンの冗長性を減らす "似て抑制する似て"メカニズムが 明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 計算神経科学
- システム神経科学
背景:
- ニューラル計算は通常,接続性や活動から間接的に推論されます.
- 人口の動態を理解するには,単一のニューロンが他のニューロンにどのように影響するかを直接測定する必要があります.
研究 の 目的:
- ニューラル表現に対する単一のニューロンの影響を直接測定する方法として"影響マッピング"を導入し,検証する.
- 主要視野皮質 (V1) の2/3の刺激性ニューロンが隣人の活動にどのように影響するか調査する.
主な方法:
- 単一のニューロン刺激のための2フォトンの光遺伝学を用いた"影響マッピング"を開発した.
- 覚醒したマウスの隣のニューロンの活性化を記録した.
- オプトジェネティックな干渉とカルシウムイメージングでマウスに視覚刺激を与えました.
主要な成果:
- V1の2/3層の刺激性ニューロンは,隣接するニューロンを抑制する中心周りの影響プロファイルを示した.
- ニューロンの影響は活動チューニングの類似性に依存し,同様のチューニングのニューロンはより抑制された.
- 光刺激は,特に標的ニューロンの好ましい刺激に対して, ~2%の減少をもたらした.
結論:
- V1の2/3層は",like-suppresses-like"の抑制モチーフを利用して,特徴の競争を行います.
- このメカニズムは,集団の活動における冗長性を軽減し,感覚入力特徴を推論するのに役立ちます.
- 影響マッピングは,他のニューラル集団の研究に適用できる汎用的な技術です.
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