末端アルキンアミノ酸生物合成の経路の発見
J A Marchand1, M E Neugebauer1, M C Ing2
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|March 15, 2019
まとめ
科学者は,L-ライシンから末端アルキンアミノ酸を生成する新しい細菌経路を発見しました. この発見により,様々な用途の バイオオルトホーガン反応剤の 細胞生物合成が可能になる.
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 合成生物学
- 自然製品の生物合成
背景:
- 生物は,合成化学とは対照的に,多様な細胞機能のために限られた化学的機能群を使用する.
- バイオオートゴーナル化学は,細胞内の特定の反応群の欠如を,選択的な in situ 反応のために利用する.
- アルキンを含む生物学的に希少な機能群は,内生生物合成の可能性を示唆する天然製品に含まれています.
研究 の 目的:
- 生体内でアルキンを含む末端アミノ酸を生産するための新しい生物合成経路を発見し,特徴づけること.
- 細胞内のバイオオートホーゴンレアジェンスの生物合成を遺伝子でコードする可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 細菌のStreptomyces cattleyaを自然産物生物合成の経路として研究した.
- 反応の配列を明らかにするために生化学的分析と構造分析を用いた.
- アルキンを含んだ末端アミノ酸を特徴づけている.
主要な成果:
- 終末アルキンアミノ酸を生成する ユニークな経路を発見した
- ハロゲン化,C-C結合分裂,三重結合形成を伴う L-ライシンを起料として特定した.
- 仮のアレンの中間物質を含むメカニズムを提案した.
結論:
- この経路は,グルコースのような単純な栄養素からアルキンラベル付きの生物分子の新しい細胞生産を可能にします.
- バイオオートホーゴナル反応物の内生生物合成の経路を提供し,化学生物学と薬剤発見の応用を促進します.
関連する概念動画
01:29Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways
1.2K
Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
1.2K
03:42Amino acids
105.1K
Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
105.1K
01:28Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids
1.1K
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
1.1K
02:42Acidity of 1-Alkynes
11.1K
The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
11.1K
01:18Amino Acid Catabolism
1.1K
Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
1.1K
01:44Termination of Translation
27.6K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.6K