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Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

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Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
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Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

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A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
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Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
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Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

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A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a...
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Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

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A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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ロレンツ対称性試験のための光学クロック比較

Christian Sanner1,2, Nils Huntemann3, Richard Lange3

  • 1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. christian.sanner@jila.colorado.edu.

Nature
|March 15, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

精密な原子時計の比較は アインシュタインの相対性理論を検証し ロレンツ対称性の違反に新しい限界を設定しました この研究は 基礎物理学と量子重力理論の テストを進めます

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科学分野:

  • * 基礎物理学
  • * 原子物理学
  • * 相対性理論

背景:

  • * 先進的な原子時計は時空の対称性を正確にテストすることができます.
  • * 現代の研究は,相対性理論の礎石であるローレンツ対称性の違反を検出しようとしています.
  • * 光学的なクロック周波数比較は,相対性理論の強化されたテストのための有望な道を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 実験的に2つの単離光学時計を前例のない精度で比較する.
  • * これらの最先端の時計の不確実性予算を検証する
  • * クロック周波数オフセットを分析してローレンツ対称性の仮説的違反を検索する.

主な方法:

  • * イテルビウムイオンを使った2つの単離光学時計を使用した.
  • * 非並列の量子化軸の配列を持つ分離されたイオントラップに閉じ込められたイオン.
  • * 周波数オフセットの周期的変調を検出するために6ヶ月の比較期間を実施した.

主要な成果:

  • * 10−18 レベルでの2つの光学時計の間の一致を証明した.
  • * 時計の不確実性予算を直接検証した.
  • * 電子のローレンツ対称性違反パラメータに対して10−21の厳格な限界を確立し,以前の限界を2つの大きさで改善した.

結論:

  • * この実験は,電子のローレンツ対称性違反について,これまでで最も厳格な限界を示している.
  • * 量子重力理論の将来の低エネルギーテストには,高い精度が不可欠です.
  • * アインシュタインの相対性理論の 基本原理は前例のない精度で 支持されています