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小児がんのゲノム環境:診断と治療への影響
E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero1, Jaclyn A Biegel2
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. jbiegel@chla.usc.edu alejandro.sweet-cordero@ucsf.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 16, 2019
まとめ
小児がんは成人がんとは 遺伝的に異なります 遺伝子の違いや 細菌系の変化を理解することは 子どものがんを効果的に診断し 治療するために不可欠です
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 小児腫瘍学
- ガンゲノミクス
背景:
- 最近のゲノムシーケンシングの進歩は 幼児がんの遺伝学への理解を大幅に改善しました
- 小児がんはしばしば人体変異が少ないが,成人がんと比較して生殖系変異の有病率が高い.
- 小児がんの遺伝的要因は多様で コピーナンバーの変異,遺伝子融合,エンハンスラーハイジャックなどがあります
研究 の 目的:
- 子どもの癌と大人の癌の 遺伝的違いを強調するためです
- 小児がんの誘発要因を特定するための統合的アプローチの必要性を強調する.
- 幼児がんにおける生殖傾向の概要を提示する.
主な方法:
- ゲノムシーケンシングの研究
- 小児がんと成人がんの遺伝子プロフィールの比較分析
- 小児がんゲノミクスと生殖系統の傾向に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 小児がんの特徴は,体内の変異が少ないことと,生殖細胞の変異が多いこと.
- 遺伝子融合や染色体の変異など 様々な遺伝的変異が 小児がんの成長を促します
- 現在,小児がんにおける腫瘍の進行,治療抵抗性,転移に関する理解は,主に診断時にプロファイリングされているため,限られている.
結論:
- 統合的なアプローチは,診断と再発の両方で小児がんのドライバーイベントを特定するために必要です.
- 小児がんにおける腫瘍の進行と抵抗のメカニズムを理解するためにさらなる研究が必要である.
- ゲルムラインの傾向は,小児がんの発生に重要な役割を果たします.
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