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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.7K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
127.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

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原子水素におけるアット秒角線とトンネリング時間

U Satya Sainadh1, Han Xu2, Xiaoshan Wang3

  • 1Australian Attosecond Science facility, Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.

Nature
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

量子トンネリングは瞬間のもので 制限された時間ではない 水素原子での実験はこれを確認し,トンネル時間測定の以前の解釈を排除しました.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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科学分野:

  • 量子力学
  • 原子物理学
  • 量子光学

背景:

  • 量子トンネリングは 粒子が潜在的障壁を通過する現象で 古典物理学では存在しない概念です
  • 量子粒子が測定可能な時間 トンネルを掘り起こし アット秒メトロロジーによって強化されるかどうかについては議論があります
  • 精密な測定と計算のために,水素原子は基準として機能します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 先進的な技術を用いて原子水素における量子トンネリング時間を実験的に調査する.
  • 実験結果と正確な理論シミュレーションを比較する.
  • 量子トンネリングは瞬時に起こるのか 限られた時間かかるのかという議論を解決する

主な方法:

  • 精密な電子放出タイミングのためにアト秒角線 (アトクロック) テクニックを使用した.
  • 詳細な電子軌道の分析のためにモメンタム空間画像を用いた.
  • 原子水素に関する実験を行い,データを3D時間依存シュレーディンガー方程式シミュレーションと比較した.

主要な成果:

  • 実験的な測定と原子水素の理論的シミュレーションの間の優れた一致性が見つかりました.
  • コロンポテンシャルが電子放出角度の原因であり,有限なトンネリング時間ではないことが判明した.
  • トンネル掘削の遅延には 1.8 アット秒という上限が設定された.

結論:

  • 潜在的障壁を通る量子トンネルは瞬時のプロセスです
  • 測った角度を有限なトンネル掘削時間として解釈するのは誤りです.
  • この研究は量子力学における 即時のトンネリングを支持する 強力な証拠を提供します