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関連する概念動画

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

359
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
359
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
3.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
542
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

414
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
414
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

445
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Screening to Obtain Crystal Hits for Protein Crystallography
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プラスチックの結晶の巨大バロカロリー効果

Bing Li1, Yukinobu Kawakita2, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura2

  • 1Shenyang National Laboratory (SYNL) for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China. bingli@imr.ac.cn.

Nature
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは プラスチック結晶に 巨大バロカロリー効果 (CBCE) を発見し 従来の冷却の代替手段として 期待を寄せています 効率的で環境に優しい冷却技術のための 圧力誘発型トランジションを利用しています

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 熱力学について
  • 固体物理学

背景:

  • 冷蔵庫は食料貯蔵とエアコンに不可欠で,世界の電気の25-30%を消費します.
  • 従来の蒸気圧縮冷却は,地球温暖化の可能性が高い材料に依存しています.
  • 固体カロリー効果は有望で環境に優しい代替品ですが,性能の制限があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しい固体冷却メカニズムとして,プラスチック結晶の巨大バロカロリー効果 (CBCE) を調査する.
  • これらの不規則な固体における CBCEの顕微鏡の起源を特定する
  • 次世代の高性能冷却技術のためのプラスチック結晶の可能性を評価する.

主な方法:

  • プラスチック結晶におけるバロカロリー効果の実験調査.
  • 室温近くのネオペンチルグリコールにおけるエントロピーの変化の特徴
  • 圧力に依存する中性子散乱の測定で,その背後にあるメカニズムを明らかにする.

主要な成果:

  • プラスチック結晶における巨大バロカロリー効果 (CBCE) が報告され,ネオペンチルグリコールではエントロピーの変化が約389J/kg·Kであった.
  • 広範な分子指向障害,巨大圧縮性,アンハーモニー格子ダイナミクスをCBCEの主要な貢献者として特定しました.
  • これらの効果を誘発する圧力による相変異の顕微鏡理解を確立した.

結論:

  • プラスチック結晶は 独特の材料特性によって 重要な熱量効果を発揮します
  • この発見は,先進的な固体冷却システムの開発への道を開きます.
  • この研究は,現在のカロリー材料の限界と,従来の冷却の環境問題に取り組んでいます.