腸内微生物群の構造的変化が宿主の健康と関連している
David Zeevi1,2,3, Tal Korem4,5,6,7, Anastasia Godneva4,5
1Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. dzeevi@rockefeller.edu.
Nature
|March 29, 2019
まとめ
微生物のゲノム構造変異 (SV) は腸内微生物群で一般的であり,適応と宿主の健康に関連しています. これらの変異は,特にCRISPRと抗生物質の機能に関わる変異は,疾患のリスク要因と関連しています.
科学分野:
- 微生物ゲノミクス
- 人間の微生物群の研究
- ゲノム構造の変化
背景:
- バクテリアの株は,わずかな遺伝的変異により,有意な現象的差異を呈することがあります.
- ゲノム構造変異 (SV) は微生物集団内の遺伝的多様性の重要な源である.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトの腸内微生物群における微生物ゲノム構造変異 (SV) を体系的に特定し,特徴づけること.
- SVの機能的役割と適応的意義を調査する.
- 病気のリスク要因を含むSVと宿主の健康との関連を調べる.
主な方法:
- 微生物のゲノム構造変異 (SVs) の体系的な識別が,様々な腸内微生物のサンプルで行われている.
- 異なるヒトコホートにおけるSVの流行と複製の分析
- SVs内の遺伝子の機能的濃縮分析
- SVと宿主疾患のリスク因子の関連性研究
主要な成果:
- ゲノム構造変異 (SV) はヒト腸内微生物群の細菌群に共通しており,コホート全体で複製可能である.
- SVはCRISPRに関連した遺伝子や抗生物質生成遺伝子を濃縮し,家政遺伝子を枯渇させ,微生物の適応における役割を果たしていることを示しています.
- SVと宿主疾患のリスク因子の間の複数の関連が特定され,多くは独立したコホートで複製されました.
- アナエロスタイプス・ハドルスの特定のSVは,イノシトール分解-ブチラート生物合成経路をコードし,代謝疾患のリスクの低下と関連していた.
結論:
- ゲノム構造変異 (SV) は,ヒトの腸内微生物群の重要な,しかし過小評価されている,変異性の層を表しています.
- SVは微生物の適応に寄与し,宿主と微生物の相互作用に役割を果たします.
- 特定されたSVとその関連機能は,特に代謝疾患において,腸内微生物群と宿主の健康との間に潜在的メカニズム的リンクを提供している.
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