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関連する概念動画

Bonding in Metals02:32

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

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The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Types of Chemical Bonds02:37

Types of Chemical Bonds

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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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Bond Energies and Bond Lengths02:49

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Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Li4+ xNi1- xWO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) での O-O 結合の安定化 大電圧ヒステリスの起源としての岩塩酸化物

Zoe N Taylor, Arnaud J Perez, José A Coca-Clemente1

  • 1Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Chadwick Building, Peach Street , Liverpool L69 7ZF , United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者はリチウムイオン電池のためのリチウム豊富な岩塩酸化物を調査した. 彼らは,O−O結合により,W6+カチオンが有意な電圧ヒステリースを引き起こし,アニオン酸化還元能力に影響を与えることを発見した.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 電気化学
  • 固体化学

背景:

  • 岩塩の構造を持つ多線性リチウム酸化物は,リチャージ可能なリチウムイオン電池のカソッド材料です.
  • 現在のカトッドは,移行金属カチオン還酸化サイクルを使用していますが,リチウムに富んだ岩塩酸化物は,アニオン還酸化により容量が向上します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 高値 d0 カチオンを含むリチウムに富んだ岩塩酸化物における高電圧ヒステレシスの起源を調査する.
  • アニオン酸化還元機構と,新しいリチウム豊富な化合物のカチオン選択との関係を調査する.

主な方法:

  • Li4+xNi1-xWO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) を含んだ一連の化合物の合成と特徴づけ
  • リバーシブルな容量と循環性を決定する電気化学的試験.
  • カチオンの順序と結合の特徴を特定するための構造分析.

主要な成果:

  • 岩塩の2つの新しい変種を特定した.
  • Li4.15Ni0.85WO6で200mAh/gの可逆容量を主にアニオンリドックスによって達成した.
  • 観測された>2Vの電圧ヒステリシスは,W6+カチオンとアニオンの酸化還元に結びついています.

結論:

  • リチウムが豊富な岩塩酸化物のW6+カチオンは,有意な電圧ヒステリースを誘導する.
  • 安定した局所的なO−O単一結合が観察されたヒステリシスの原因であり,放電中のエネルギーペナルティを説明する.
  • 高価率のd0カチオンは,局所的なアニオン-アニオン結合でアニオン酸化還元能力をカップリングすることができます.